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Encyclopedia Britannica



JEZEBEL (Heb. i-zebel, perhaps an artificial form to suggest " un-exalted," a divine name or its equivalent would naturally be expected instead of the first syllable)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 411 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JEE-JUN
JEZEBEL (Heb. i-zebel, perhaps an artificial form to suggest " un-exalted," a divine name or its equivalent would naturally be expected instead of the first syllable) , wife of Ahab, king of
Israel
  (1 Kings xvi. 31), and
mother
  of Athaliah, in the Bible. Her father Eth-baal (Ithobal, Jos., contra Ap. i. 18) was king of Tyre and priest of the goddess Astarte. He had usurped the throne and was the first important Phoenician king after Hiram (see PHOENICIA). Jezebel, a true daughter of a priest of Astarte, showed herself hostile to the
worship
  of Yahweh, and to his prophets, whom she relentlessly pursued (1 Kings xviii. 413; see ELIJAH). She is represented as a woman of virile
character
 , and became notorious for the
part
  she took in the matter of Naboth's vineyard. When the Jezreelite 2 sheikh refused to sell the family
inheritance
  to the king, Jezebel treacherously caused him to be arrested on a charge of treason, and with the help of false witnesses he was found guilty and condemned to death. For this the prophet Elijah pronounced a solemn curse upon Ahab and Jezebel, which was fulfilled when Jehu, who was anointed king at Elisha's instigation, killed the son Jehoram, massacred all the family, and had Jezebel destroyed (1 Kings xxi.; 2 Kings ix. 1r28). What is told of her comes from sources written under the
influence
  of strong religious bias; among the exaggerations must be reckoned 1 Kings xviii. 13, which is inconsistent with xix. 18 and xxii. 6. A literal interpretation of the reference to Jezebel's
idolatry
  (2 Kings ix. 22) has made her name a bywordfor a false prophetess in Rev. ii. 20. Her name is often used in
modern
 
English
  as a synonym for an abandoned woman or one who paints her face. (S. A. C.)


End of Article: JEZEBEL (Heb. i-zebel, perhaps an artificial form to suggest " un-exalted," a divine name or its equivalent would naturally be expected instead of the first syllable)


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