JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 364 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JEE-JUN

JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571) , bishop of Salisbury, son of John

Jewel

JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

of Buden, Devonshire, was born on the 24th of May 1522, and educated under his uncle John Bellamy,

rector

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

of Hampton,and other private tutors until his matriculation at Merton college, Oxford, in July 1535. There he was taught by John Parkhurst, afterwards bishop of Norwich; but on the 19th of August 1539 he was elected scholar of Corpus Christi college. He graduated B.A. in 1540, and M.A. in 1545, having been elected fellow of his college in 1542. He made some mark as a teacher at Oxford, and became after 1547 one of the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

disciples of Peter

Martyr

MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

. He graduated B.D. in 1552, and was made vicar of Sunningwell, and public orator of the university, in which capacity he had to compose a congratulatory epistle to Mary on her accession. In April 1554 he acted as notary to Cranmer and Ridley at their disputation, but in the autumn he signed a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of Catholic articles. He was, nevertheless, suspected, fled to London, and thence to Frankfort, which he reached in March 1555. There he sided with Coxe against Knox, but soon joined

Martyr

MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

at Strassburg, accompanied him to Zurich, and then paid a visit to Padua.
Under Elizabeth's succession he returned to England, and made

earnest

EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

efforts to secure what would now be called a low-church settlement of religion. Indeed, his attitude was hardly distinguishable from that of the Elizabethan Puritans, but he gradually modified it under the stress of office and responsibility. He was one of the disputants selected to confute the Romanists at the conference of Westminster after Easter 1559; he was select preacher at St Paul's cross on the 15th of June; and in the autumn was engaged as one of the royal visitors of the western counties. " His

cone

CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

d'elire as bishop of Salisbury had been made out on the 27th of July, but he was not consecrated until the 21st of January 156o. He now constituted himself the literary apologist of the Elizabethan settlement. He had on the 26th of November 1559, in a sermon at St Paul's Cross, challenged all comers to prove the Roman case out of the Scriptures, or the councils or Fathers for the first six hundred years after Christ. He repeated his challenge in 1560, and Dr Henry Cole took it up. The

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

result was

Jewel

JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

's Apologia ecclesiae Anglicanae, published in 1562, which in Bishop Creighton's words is " the first methodical statement of the position of the Church of England against the Church of Rome, and forms the ground-work of all subsequent controversy." A more formidable antagonist than Cole now entered the lists in the person of Thomas Harding, an Oxford contemporary whom Jewel had deprived of his prebend in Salisbury Cathedral for recusancy. He published an elaborate and bitter Answer in 1564, to which Jewel issued a Reply in 1565. Harding followed with a Confutation, and Jewel with a Defence, of the Apology in 1566 and 1567; the combatants ranged over the whole field of the Anglo-Roman controversy, and Jewel's theology was officially enjoined upon the Church by Archbishop Bancroft in the reign of James I. Latterly Jewel had been confronted with criticism from a different quarter. The arguments that had weaned him from his Zwinglian simplicity did not satisfy his unpromoted brethren, and Jewel had to refuse admission to a benefice to his friend Laurence Humphrey (q.v.), who would not wear a surplice. He was consulted a good deal by the government on such questions as England's attitude towards the council of Trent, and political considerations made him more and more hostile to Puritan demands with which he had previously sympathized. He wrote an attack on

Cartwright

; which was published after his death by Whitgift. He died on the 23rd of September 1571, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, where he had built a library. Hooker, who speaks of Jewel as " the worthiest divine that Christendom hath bred for some hundreds of years," was one of the boys whom Jewel prepared in his

house

for the university; and his Ecclesiastical Polity owes much to Jewel's training.
Jewel's works were published in a folio in 1609 under the direction of Bancroft, who ordered the Apology to be placed in churches, in some of which it may still be seen chained to the lectern; other editions appeared at Oxford (1848, 8 vols.) and

Cambridge

(Parker Soc., 4 vols.). See also Gough's Index to Parker Soc. Publ. ; Strype's Works (General Index); Acts of the Privy Council; Calendars of Domestic and Spanish State Papers; Dixon's and Frere's Church Histories; and Dictionary of National Biography (art. by Bishop Creighton). (A. F. P.)

End of Article: JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/JEE_JUN/JEWEL_JOHN_1522_1571_.html">
JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)
</a>

(Previous)
JEW, THE WANDERING

(Next)
JEWELRY (O. Fr. jouel, Fr. joyau, perhaps from ...

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email