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Encyclopedia Britannica



JELLACHICH, JOSEF, COUNT (18011859)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 315 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JEE-JUN
JELLACHICH, JOSEF, COUNT (18011859) , Croatian states-man, was born on the 16th of October 1801 at Petervarad. He entered the Austrian army (181g), fought against the Bosnians in 1845, was made ban of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia in 1848 on the
petition
  of the Croatians, and was simultaneously raised to the rank of lieutenant-general by the emperor. As ban, Jellachich's policy was directed to preserving the Slav kingdoms for the
Habsburg
  monarchy by identifying himself with the nationalist opposition to Magyar ascendancy, while at the same time discouraging the extreme " Illyrism "advocated by Lodovik Gaj (18091872). Though his separatist
measures
  at first brought him into disfavour at the imperial court, their true objective was soon recognized, and, with the
triumph
  of the more violent elements of the Hungarian revolution, he was hailed as the most conspicuous champion of the unity of the empire, and was able to bring about that union of the imperial army with the southern Slays by which the revolution in Vienna and Budapest was overthrown (see AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
 : History). He began the war of independence in September 1848 by crossing the Drave at the head of 40,000 Croats. After the bloody battle of Buda he concluded a three days' truce with the Hungarians to enable him to assist Prince Windischgratz to reduce Vienna, and subsequently fought against the
Magyars
  at Schwechat. During the winter campaign of 184849 he commanded, under Windischgratz, the Austrian right wing, capturing Magyar-Ovar and Raab, and defeating the
Magyars
  at M6r. After the recapture of Buda he was made
commander
 -in-
chief
  of the southern army.
1I.e. either descendant of, or from the same
district
  as, Omri (see Hogg, Ency. Bib. col. 2291). The Assyrian king's sculpture, depicting the embassy and its gifts, is the so-called " black obelisk " now in the British Museum (Nimroud Central Gallery, No. 98; Guide to Bab. and Ass. Antiq., 1900, p. 24 seq., pl. ii.).
At first he gained some successes against Bern (q.v.), but on the 14th of July 1849 was routed by the Hungarians at Hegyes and driven behind the Danube. He took no part in the remainder of the war, but returned to Agram to administer Croatia. In 18J3 he was appointed
commander
 -in-
chief
  of the army sent against Montenegro, and in 1855 was created a count. He died on the 2oth of May 1859. His Gedichte were published at Vienna in 1851.
See the
anonymous
  The Croatian Revolution of the Year 1848 (Croat.), Agram, 1898. (R. N. B.)


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