JEHOIAKIM (Heb. " Yahweh] raiseth up ")

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 310 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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JEHOIAKIM (Heb. " Yahweh] raiseth up ") , in the Bible, son of Josiah (q.v.) and king of Judah (2 Kings xxiii. 34-xxiv.6). On the defeat of Josiah at Megiddo his younger brother Jehoahaz (or Shallum) was chosen by the Judaeans, but the Egyptian conquerer Necho summoned him to his headquarters at Riblah (

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

of Hamath on the Orontes) and removed him to Egypt, appointing in his

stead

STEAD, WILLIAM
THOMAS
(1849– )

Eliakim, whose name (" El[God] raiseth up ") was changed to its better-known synonym,

Jehoiakim

JEHOIAKIM (Heb. " Yahweh] raiseth up ")

. For a time

Jehoiakim

JEHOIAKIM (Heb. " Yahweh] raiseth up ")

remained under the protection of Necho and paid heavy tribute; but with the rise of the new Chaldean Empire under

Nebuchadrezzar

NEBUCHADREZZAR, or NEBUCHADNEZZAR

II., and the overthrow of Egypt at the battle of Carchemish (6o5 B.c.) a vital

change

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

occurred. After three years of allegiance the king revolted. Invasions followed-by Chaldeans, Syrians, 1VIoabites and Ammonites, per-
2 Kings xxiv. 13 seq. gives other numbers and a view of the disaster which is more suitable for the Second Captivity. (See ZEDEK:AH.)haps the advance troops despatched by the Babylonian king; the power of Egypt was broken and the whole land came into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar. It was at the close of Jehoiakim's reign, apparently just before his death, that the enemy appeared at the gates of Jerusalem, and although he himself " slept with his fathers " his

young

son was destined to see the first captivity
of the land of Judah (597 B.C.). (See JEHOIACHIN.) _
Which " three years " (2 Kings xxiv. 1) are intended is disputed; it is uncertain whether Judah suffered in 6o5 B.C. (Berossus in Jos. c. Ap. i. 19) or was left unharmed (Jos. Ant. x. 6. I); perhaps

Nebuchadrezzar

NEBUCHADREZZAR, or NEBUCHADNEZZAR

made his first inroad against Judah in 602 u.c. because of its intrigue with Egypt (H. Winkler, Keilinschrift. u. d. alte Test., pp. 107 seq.), and the three years of allegiance extends to 599. The chronicler's tradition (2 Chron. xxxvi. 5-8) speaks of Jehoiakim's captivity, apparently confusing him with Jehoiachin. The Septuagint, however, still preserves there the

record

RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

of his peaceful death, in agreement with the earlier source in 2 Kings, but against the prophecy of Jeremiah (xxii. 18 seq., xxxvi. 30), which is accepted by Jos. Ant. x. 6. 3. The different traditions can scarcely be reconciled. Nothing certain is known of the marauding bands sent against ehoiakim; for Syrians (Aram) one would expect Edomites (Edom), but see Jer.

xxxv

XXXV

. I I ; some recensions of the Septuagint even include the " Samaritans "! (For further references to this reign see especially JEREMIAH; see also JEws: History, 17.) (S. A. C.)

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