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Encyclopedia Britannica



JASSY (Iafit)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 279 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED
JASSY (Iafit) , also written JASH, JASCHI and YASSY, the
capital
  of the department of
Jassy
 , Rumania; situated on the left bank of the river Bahlui, an affluent of the Jijia, about to m. W. of the Pruth and the Russian frontier. Pop. (190o), 78,067.
Jassy
  communicates by rail with Galatz on the Danube, Kishinev in Bessarabia, and Czernowitz in Bukowina. The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, among which rise the monasteries of Cetatuia, Frumoasa, and Galata with its
mineral
  springs, the water-cure
establishment
  of Rapide and the great seminary of Socola. Jassy itself stands pleasantly amid vine-yards and gardens, partly on two hills, partly in the hollowbetween. Its primitive houses of timber and plaster were mostly swept away after 186o, when brick or stone came into general use, and good streets were cut among the network of narrow, insanitary lanes. Jassy is the seat of the metropolitan of Moldavia, and of a Roman Catholic archbishop. Synagogues and churches abound. The two oldest churches date from the reign of Stephen the Great (14581504); perhaps the finest, however, are the 17th-century metropolitan, St Spiridion and Trei Erarchi, the last a curious example of Byzantine art, erected in 1639 or 1640 by Basil the Wolf, and adorned with countless gilded carvings on its outer walls and twin towers. The St Spiridion Foundation (due to the liberality of Prince Gregory Ghika in 1727, and avail-able for the sick of all countries and creeds) has an annual income of over 8o,000, and maintains hospitals and churches in several towns of Moldavia, besides the baths at Slanic in Walachia. The main hospital in Jassy is a large building, and possesses a maternity institution, a midwifery school, a chemical institute, an inoculating
establishment
 , &c. A society of physicians and naturalists has existed in Jassy since the early part of the 19th century, and a number of
periodicals
  are published. Besides the university, founded by Prince Cuza in 1864, with faculties of literature, philosophy, law, science and medicine, there are a military academy and schools of art, music and commerce; a museum, a fine
hall
  and a theatre; the state library, where the
chief
  records of Rumanian history are preserved; an appeal court, a chamber of commerce and several banks. The city is the headquarters of the 4th army corps. It has an active trade in petroleum, salt, metals, timber, cereals, fruit, wine, spirits, preserved meat, textiles, clothing, leather, cardboard and cigarette
paper
 .
The inscription by which the existence of a Jassiorum municipium in the time of the Roman Empire is sought to be proved, lies open to grave suspicion; but the city is mentioned as early as the 14th century, and probably does derive its name from the Jassians, or Jazygians, who accompanied the Cumanian invaders. It was often visited by the Moldavian court. About 1564, Prince Alexander Lapusneanu, after whom one of the
chief
  streets is named, chose Jassy for the Moldavian
capital
 , instead of Suceava (now Suczawa, in Bukowina). It was already famous as a centre of culture. Between 1561 and 1563 an excellent school and a Lutheran church were founded by the Greek adventurer, Jacob Basilicus (see RUMANIA: History). In 1643 the first printed book published in Moldavia was issued from a press established by Basil the Wolf. He also founded a school,the first in which the mother-tongue took the place of Greek. Jassy was burned by the Tatars in 1513, by the Turks in 1538, and by the Russians in 1686. By the Peace of Jassy the second Russo-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. A Greek insurrection under Ypsilanti in 1821 led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822. In 1844 there was a severe conflagration. For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150, to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made.


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