JACOBA, or JACQUELINE (1401-1436)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 115 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED

JACOBA, or JACQUELINE (1401-1436) , countess of Holland, was the only daughter and heiress of William, duke of Bavaria and count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut. She was married as a child to John, duke of Touraine, second son of Charles VI., king of France, who on the death of his elder brother Louis became dauphin. John of Touraine died in April 1417, and two months afterwards Jacoba lost her father. Acknowledged as sovereign in Holland and Zeeland, Jacoba was opposed by her uncle John of Bavaria, bishop of Liege. She had the support of the Hook faction in Holland. Meanwhile she had been married in 1418 by her uncle, John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, to her

cousin

John IV., duke of Brabant. By the mediation of John the Fearless, a treaty of

partition

PARTITION

was concluded, in 1419 between Jacoba and John of Bavaria; but it was merely a truce, and the contest between uncle and niece soon began again and continued with varying success. In 1420 Jacoba fled to England; and there, declaring that her

marriage

MARRIAGE

with John of Brabant was illegal, she contracted a

marriage

MARRIAGE

with Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, in 1422. Two years later Jacoba, with Humphrey, invaded Holland, where she was now opposed by her former husband, John of Brabant, John of Bavaria having died of poison. In 1425 Humphrey deserted his wife, who found herself obliged to seek

refuge

REFUGE

with her

cousin

, Philip V., duke of Burgundy, to whom she had to submit, and she was imprisoned in the castle of

Ghent

GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

. John of Brabant now mortgaged the two counties of Holland and Zeeland to Philip, who assumed their protectorate. Jacoba, however, escaped from prison in disguise, and for three years struggled gallantly to maintain herself in Holland against the united efforts of Philip of Burgundy and John of Brabant, and met at first with success. The death of the weak John of Brabant (April 1427) freed the countess from her quondam husband; but nevertheless the pope pronounced Jacoba's marriage with Humphrey illegal, and Philip, putting out his full strength, broke down all opposition. By a treaty, made in July 1428, Jacoba was left nominally countess, but Philip was to administer the government of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, and was declared

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

in case Jacoba should die without children. Two years later Philip mortgaged IIolland and Zeeland to the Borselen family, of which Francis, lord of Borselen, was the head. Jacoba now made her last effort. In 1432 she secretly married Francis of Borselen, and endeavoured to foment a rising in Holland against the Burgundian rule. Philip invaded the country, however, and threw Borselen into prison. Only on condition that Jacoba abdicated her three countships in his favour would he allow her liberty and recognize her marriage with Borselen.
1 See the contemporary Chronicle called that of Joshua the Stylite, chap. 54.
z Assemani (Bibl. Orient. i. 305339) enumerates 231 which he had seen in MSS.
Some other historical poems M. Bedjan has not seen fit to publish, on account of their unreliable and legendary character (vol. i. p. ix. of preface).
' A full

list

LIST (O.E.
lisle
- LISLE, ALICE (c. 1614-1685)
, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr.
lisle
- LISLE, ALICE (c. 1614-1685)
)
LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

of the older editions of works by Jacob is given by

Wright

in Short History of Syriac Literature, pp. 6872.
She submitted in April 1432, retained her title of duchess in Bavaria, and lived on her husband's estates in retirement. She died on the 9th of October 1436, leaving no children.
BIISLIOGRAPnv.F. von Loher. Jakobaa von Bayern and ihre Zeit (2 vols., Nordlingen, 18621869) ; W. J. F. Nuyens, Jacoba van Beieren en de eerste helft der X V. eeuw (Haarlem, 1873) ; A. von Overstraten, Jacoba van Beieren (Amsterdam, 1i90). (G. E.)

End of Article: JACOBA, or JACQUELINE (1401-1436)

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/INV_JED/JACOBA_or_JACQUELINE_1401_1436.html">
JACOBA, or JACQUELINE (1401-1436)
</a>

(Previous)
JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

(Next)
JACOBABAD

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email