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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED |
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ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land') , in physical geography, a term generally definable as a piece of land surrounded by water. Islands may be divided into two main classes, continental and oceanic. The former are such as would result from the submergence of a coastal range, or a coastal highland, until the mountain bases were cut off from the mainland while their summits remained above water. The island may have been formed by the sea cutting through the landward end of a peninsula, or by the eating back of a bay or estuary until a portion of the mainland is detached and becomes surrounded by water. In all cases where the continental islands occur, they are connected with the mainland by a continental shelf, and their structure is essentially that of the mainland. The islands off the west coast of Scotland and the Isles of Man and Wight have this relation to Britain, while Britain and Ireland have a similar relation to the continent of Europe. The north- east
Great
peak
great
peak
Island life contains many features of peculiar interest
carrier to other colonizing forms that frequently develop new features in their isolated surroundings where the struggle for existence is greater or less than before. When a sea barrier has existed for a very long time there is a marked difference between the fauna and flora even of adjacent islands. In Bali
Bali
pheasant
drift
The word " island " is sometimes used for a piece of land cut off by the tide or surrounded by marsh (e.g. Hayling Island). 1 The O.E. ieg, ig, still appearing in local names, e.g. Anglesey, Battersea, is cognate with Norw. by, Icel. ey, and the first part of Ger. Eiland, &c.; it is referred to the original
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