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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED |
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ISABELLA (1451-15o4) , surnamed la Catolica, " the Catholic," queen of Castile, was the second child and only daughter of John II. of Castile by his second wife Isabella, granddaughter of John I. of Portugal (thus being through both parents a descendant of John of Gaunt), and was born at Madrigal on the 22nd of April 1451. On the death of her father, who was succeeded by her brother Henry IV. (1454), she was withdrawn by her mother to Arevalo, where her early education was con- ducted in the deepest seclusion; in 1462, however, along with her uterine brother Alphonso, she was removed by Henry to the court, where she showed a remarkable example of staidness and sobriety. Already more than one suitor had made application for her hand, Ferdinand of Aragon, who ultimately became her husband, being among the number; for some little, time she was engaged to his elder brother Charles, who died in 1461. In her thirteenth year her brother promised her in marriage
heir , after himself, to the united crowns of Castile and Leon. New candidates for her hand now appeared in the persons of a brother of Edward IV. of England (probably Richard, duke of Gloucester), and the duke of Guienne, brother of Louis XI., and heir presumptive of the French monarchy. Finally however, in face of very great difficulties, she was married to Ferdinand of Aragon at Valladolid on the r9th of October 1469. Thence forward the fortunes of Ferdinand and Isabella were inseparably blended. For some time they held a humble court at Duenas, and after-wards they resided at Segovia, where, on the death of Henry, shewas proclaimed queen of Castile and Leon (December 13, 1474). Spain undoubtedly owed to Isabella's clear intellect, resolute energy and unselfish patriotism much of that greatness which for the first time it acquired under " the Catholic sovereigns." The moral influence of the queen's personal character over the Castilian court was incalculably great; from the debasement and degradation of the preceding reign she raised it to being " the nursery of virtue and of generous ambition." She did much for letters in Spain by founding the palace school and by her protection of Peter Martyr
, Possibly in the war at the beginning of the reign of Bahram V.: but on the uncertainty see NOldeke, Gesch. d. Perser.und Araber, 117. s Probably at the hands of the Hephthalites or White Huns of Kushan : cf. Isaac's mention of the Huns in 1. 420 of the 1st poem. 3 The author refers to the weeping for Tammuz (I. 125 of the 1st poem), and speaks of his city as illustrious throughout the world (ib. 1. 132). the briefest sketch of her life can omit to notice that happy instinct or intuition which led her, when all others had heard with in-credulity the scheme of Columbus, to recall the wanderer to her presence with the words, " I will assume the undertaking for my own crown of Castile, and am ready to pawn my jewels to defray the expenses of it, if the funds in the treasury should be found inadequate." She died at Medina del Campo on the 24th of November 1504, and was succeeded by her daughter Joanna
See W. H. Prescott
original
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