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Encyclopedia Britannica



IRKUTSK

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 796 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED
IRKUTSK , the
chief
  town of the above government, is the most important place in Siberia, being not only the largest centre of population and the principal commercial depot north of Tashkent, but a fortified military post, an archbishopric of the Orthodox Greek Church and the seat of several learned societies. It is situated in 52 17' N. and 104 16' E., 3792 M. by rail from St
Petersburg
 . Pop. (1875) 32,512, (1900) 49,106. The town proper lies on the right bank of the Angara, a tributary of the Yenisei, 45 M. below its outflow from Lake Baikal, and on the opposite bank is the Glaskovsk suburb. The river, which has a breadth of 290o ft., is crossed by a flying bridge. The Irkut, from which the town takes its name, is a small river which joins the Angara directly opposite the town, the main portion of which is separated from the monastery, the castle, the port and the suburbs by another confluent, the Ida or Ushakovka. Irkutsk has long been reputed a remarkably fine cityits streets being straight, broad, well paved and well lighted; but in 1879, on the 4th and 6th of July, the palace of the (then)
governor
 -general, the principal administrative and municipal offices and many of the other public buildings were destroyed by fire; and the government archives, the library and museum of the Siberian section of the Russian Geographical Society were utterly ruined. A cathedral (built of
wood
  in 1693 and rebuilt of stone in 1718), the
governor
 's palace, a school of medicine, a museum, a military
hospital
 
    See Also:
, and the crown factories are amongthe public institutions and buildings. An important
fair
  is held in December. Irkutsk grew out of the winter-quarters established (1652) by Ivan Pokhabov for the collection of the fur tax from the Buriats. Its existence as a town
dates
  from 1686.


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