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Encyclopedia Britannica



IRAN

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 742 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED
IRAN , the
great
 
plateau
  between the plain of the
Tigris
  in the west and the valley of the Indus in the
east
 , the Caspian Sea and the Turanian desert in the north, and the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean in the
south
 , surrounded on all sides by high mountain ranges with a
great
  salt desert in the centre. The modern name Iran, in middle-Persian Eran (a form preferred by many German authors) is derived from the ancient Aryana, " the country of the Aryans," i.e. that part of the Aryans which we
call
  Iranians. Eratosthenes limited the name of Ariana to the
south
 -eastern part of Iran, and excluded Persia, Media and Bactria, and therein he is followed by Strabo (ii. 78, 130, RV. 720 ff.; Pomp. Mela 3; Pliny, Nat. Hist. vi. 113, 116, xii. 33) ; Pliny (Nat. Hist. vi. 93) confounds it with Aria, Areia, Pers. Haraiva, i.e. the
district
  of Herat; but Strabo himself says (xv. 724) that some extended the name to the Persians, Medes, Bactrians and Sogdians, as they all spoke the same language with small dialectic variations (cf. 727 and i. 66, xi. 523).
For the ethnography and history of Iran see PERSIA. (ED. M.)


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