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Encyclopedia Britannica



IQUIQUE

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 739 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED
IQUIQUE , a city and port of Chile,
capital
  of the province of Tarapaca, 82o m. N. of Valparaiso, in 20 12' 15" S., 70 I I' 15" W. Pop. (1895), 33,031; (1900, est.), 42,440. The
coast
  here runs due N. and S. and the city is built on a narrow level plain between the sea and bluffs, the latter rising steeply 2000 ft. to the level of the
great
  desert plain of Tarapaca, celebrated for its rich deposits of nitrate of soda. Facing the city is the low barren
island
  of Serrano, or Iquique, which is connected with the mainland by a stone causeway 1500 ft.
long
 , and shelters the anchorage from southerly storms. A mole extending from the N.E. end of the
island
  affords some further
protection
 . The city is laid out in the rectangular plan, with broad streets and large squares. Water is brought by pipes from Pica, 50 M. distant. Iquique is a city of much commercial importance and is provided with banks, substantial business houses,
newspapers
 , clubs, schools, railways, tramways, electric lights, telephone lines, and steamship and cable communication with the outside world. It exports iodine and immense quantities of nitrate of soda obtained from the desert region of the province. A large number of vessels are engaged in the nitrate
trade
 , and Iquique ranks as one of the two leading ports of Chile in the aggregate value of its foreign commerce. It is connected by rail with the inland town of Tarapaca and various mining centres, and through them with the ports of Pisagua on the N., and Patillos on the S. Iquique was an insignificant Peruvian fishing
settlement
  until 183o when the export of nitrate began. In 1868 the town was nearly destroyed by an
earthquake
 , in 1875 by fire, and again in 1877 by earthquakes, a fire and a tidal wave. It was occupied by the Chileans in 1879 in the war between Chile and Peru, and was ceded to Chile by the treaty of the loth of October 1883.


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