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Encyclopedia Britannica



IODOFORM, CHI3

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 726 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: INV-JED
IODOFORM, CHI3 , a valuable antiseptic discovered by G. S. Serullas in 1822; in 1834 J. B. Dumas showed than it contained hydrogen. It is formed by the action of
iodine
  and aqueous potash on
ethyl
 
alcohol
 ,
acetone
 , acetaldehyde and from most compounds containing the grouping CH3COC. Its formation from
alcohol
  may be represented thus: C2H5OH+ 412+6KHO= CHI3+KHCO2+5KI+5H20. It crystallizes in yellow hexagonal plates, melting at 119-1200 C., and is readily soluble in alcohol and
ether
 , but is insoluble in water. It has a characteristic odour and is volatile in steam. On reduction with hydriodic acid, it yields methylene iodide, CH2I2.
More recently, iodoform has been prepared by the
electrolysis
  of a solution of potassium iodide in the presence of alcohol or
acetone
 , the electrolytic
cell
  being fitted with a diaphragm, in order to prevent the hydrogen which is formed at the same time from reducing the iodoform, or from combining with the
iodine
  to form hydriodic acid. K. Ellis uses a solution of potassium iodide and sodium carbonate in water, which with the necessary alcohol is contained in a porous
cell
  fitted with a lead anode, whilst the cathode compartment contains a solution of
caustic
  soda and a nickel electrode. The
electrolysis
  is carried out at a temperature of 7o C., and a current
density
  of one ampere per square decimetre is used. At the end of three
hours
  a yield of 7o 04, of the theoretical quantity is obtained.


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