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Encyclopedia Britannica



INDOLE

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 500 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: I27-INV
INDOLE , or BENioPYRR0I., CBH,N, a substance first prepared by A. Baeyer in 1868. It may be synthetically obtained by distilling oxindole (C8H8NO) with
zinc
  dust; by
heating
  orthonitrocinnamic acid with potash and
iron
  filings; by the reduction of indigo blue; by the action of sodium ethylate on orthoaminochlorstyrene; by boiling-
aniline
  with dichloracetaldehyde; by the dry
distillation
  of ortho-tolyloxamic acid; by
heating
 
aniline
  with dichloracetal; by distilling a mixture of
calcium
 
INDORE
 
formate and
calcium
  anilidoacetate; and by heating pyruvic acid phenyl hydrazone with anhydrous
zinc
  chloride. It is also formed in the pancreatic fermentation of albumen, and, in small quantities, by passing the vapours of mono- and dialkylanilines through a red-hot tube. It crystallizes in shining leaflets, which melt at 52 C. and boil at 245 C. (with decomposition), and is volatile in a current of steam. It is a feeble
base
 , and gives a
cherry
 -red coloration with a pine shaving. Many derivatives of indole are known. B-methyl indol or skatole occurs in human faeces.


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