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Encyclopedia Britannica



HYPERSTHENE

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 200 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25
HYPERSTHENE , a
rock
 -forming
mineral
  belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes. It differs from the other members (
enstatite
  [q.v.] and bronzite) of this group in containing a considerable amount of
iron
  replacing magnesium: the chemical
formula
  is (Mg,Fe)SiO3. Distinctly developed crystals are rare, the
mineral
  being usually found as foliated masses embedded in those igneous rocksnorite, hypersthene-andesite, &c.of which it forms an essential constituent. The coarsely grained labradorite-hypersthene-
rock
  (norite) of the
island
  of St Paul off the
coast
  of Labrador has furnished the most typical material; and for this reason the mineral has been known as " Labrador hornblende " or paulite. The colour is brownish-black, and the plbochrism strong; the hardness is 6, and the specific gravity 3.4-3.5. On certain surfaces it displays a brilliant copper-red metallic sheen or Schiller; which has the same origin as the bronzy sheen of bronzite (q.v.), but is even more pronounced. Like bronzite, it is sometimes cut and polished for ornamental purposes. (L. J. S.)


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