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Encyclopedia Britannica



HYDROCARBONS

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 651 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25
HYDROCARBONS , CtoH18, OF THE TERPENE
SERIES
 
Menthene, C,H,(CH3) (C3Hr)', is methyl-i-isopropyl-4-cyclohexene-3. It is obtained by the action of anhydrous
zinc
  chloride or copper sulphate on menthol (J. W. Brfihl, Ber., 1892, 25, Q. 142), by boiling menthyl chloride with
aniline
  (G.
Wagner
 , Ber., 1894, 27, p. 1636), by
heating
  menthyl chloride with potassium phenolate (L. Masson, Ber., 1896, 29, p. 1843), and by the dry
distillation
  of the methyl ester of menthyl xanthate (L. Tschugaeff, Ber., 1899, 32, p. 3333). It is a colourless liquid which boils at 167-168 C. When strongly heated with copper sulphate it yields cymene. According to Tschugaeff, the xanthate method alone gives a pure menthene of the above constitution, the menthene obtained from the dehydration of menthol being a cyclohexene-4; and the one obtained by 0. Wallach (Ann., 1898, 300, p. 278) from 1-menthylamine being a cyclohexene-2.
Carvomenthene, C6H3(CH3)(C3H7), is probably methyl- l-isopropyl-4-cyclohexene-I. It is prepared by
heating
  carvomenthyl bromide with
quinoline
 , or by heating carvomenthol with potassium bisulphate to 200 C. It is a liquid which boils at 175-176 C.
Cam phone, C;H9(CH3)2 is 1.7.7-trimethyl-bicyclo-(r2. )-heptane. It is prepared by the action of sodium and
alcohol
  on pinene hydriodide, or by reducing the hydriodide with
zinc
  in acetic acid solution. It is a crystalline solid which melts at 153 C. and boils at 160 C.


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