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Encyclopedia Britannica



HUSSAR

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 7 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25
HUSSAR , originally the name of a soldier belonging to a corps of light horse raised by
Matthias
  Corvinus, king of
Hungary
 , in 1458, to fight against the Turks. The Magyar hussar, from which the word is derived, was formerly connected with the Magyar husz, twenty, and was explained by a supposed raising of the troops by the taking of each twentieth man. According to the New English Dictionary the word is an adaptation of the Italian corsaro, corsair, a robber, and is found in 15th-century documents coupled with praedones. The hussar was the typical Hungarian cavalry soldier, and, in the absence of good light cavalry in the
regular
  armies of central and western Europe, the name and character of the hussars gradually spread into Prussia, France, &c. Frederick the
Great
  sent Major II. J. von Zieten to study the
work
  of this type of cavalry in the Austrian service, and Zieten so far improved on the Austrian model that he defeated his old teacher, General Baranyai, in an encounter between the Prussian and Austrian hussars at Rothschloss in 1741. The typical uniform of the Hungarian hussar was followed with modifications in other European armies. It consisted of a busby or a high cylindrical cloth cap, jacket with heavy braiding, and a
dolman
  or
pelisse
 , a loose coat worn hanging from the left
shoulder
 . The hussar regiments of the British army were converted from light dragoons at the following
dates
 :7th (18o5), loth and 15th (18o6), 18th (1807, and again on revival after disbandment, 1$58), 8th (1822), 11th (1840), loth (
late
  2nd Bengal European Cavalry) (186o), 13th, 14th, and 19th (
late
  1st Bengal European Cavalry) (1861). The 21st Lancers were hussars from 1862 to 1897.


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