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Encyclopedia Britannica



HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 944 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25
HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887) , American statesman, was born in Essex county, Virginia, on the 21st of April 1809. He entered the university of Virginia in his seventeenth year and was one of its first graduates; he then studied law at the Winchester (Va.) Law School, and in 1830 was admitted to the bar. From 1835 to 1837 he was a member of the Virginia
house
  of delegates; from 1837 to 1843 and from 1845 to 1847 was a member of the national
house
  of representatives, being
Speaker
  from 1839 to 1841; and from 1847 to 1861 he was in the senate, where he was chairman of the finance committee (1850-1861). He is credited with having brought about a reduction of the quantity of silver in the smaller coins; he was the author of the Tariff Act of 1857 and of the bonded-warehouse system, and was one of the first to advocate civil service reform. In 1853 he declined President
Fillmore
 's offer to make him secretary of state. At the National Democratic Convention at Charleston, S.C., in r86o he was the Virginia delegation's choice as candidate for the presidency of the United States, but was defeated for the nomination by Stephen A. Douglas. Hunter did not regard Lincoln's election as being of itself a sufficient cause for secession, and on the 11th of January 1861 he proposed an elaborate but impracticable
scheme
  for the adjustment of differences between the North and the
South
 , but when this and several other efforts to the same end had failed he quietly urged his own state to pass the
ordinance
  of secession. From 1861 to 1862 he was secretary of state in the Southern Confederacy; and from 1862 to 1865 was a member of the Confederate senate, in which he was, at times, a
caustic
  critic of the Davis administration. He was one of the commissioners to treat at the Hampton Roads Conference in 1865 (see LINCOLN, ABRAHAM), and after the surrender of General Lee was summoned by President Lincoln to Richmond to confer regarding the restoration of Virginia in the Union. From 1874 to 188o he was treasurer of Virginia, and from 1885 until his death near Lloyds, Virginia, on the 18th of July 1887, was collector of the Port of Tappahannock, Virginia.
See Martha T. Hunter, A Memoir of Robert M. T. Hunter (Washing-ton, 1903) for his private life, and D. R. Anderson, Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter, in the John P. Branch Historical Papers of Randolph
Macon
  College (vol. ii. No. 2, 1906), for his public career.


End of Article: HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)


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