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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25 |
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HUDSON BAY (less often, but more correctly, HUDSON'S BAY) , an inland sea in the N.E. of Canada, extending from 78 to 95 W. and from 51 to 700 N. On the east it is connected with the Atlantic Ocean by Hudson Strait, and on the north with the Arctic Ocean by Fox Channel and Fury and Hecla Strait. Its southern extremity between 55 and 51 N. is known as James Bay. It is 590 M. in width, and 1300 from S. to N., including James Bay (350 m.) and Fox Channel (350 m.). The customary use of the term includes James Bay, but not Fox Channel. The average depth of water is about 70 fathoms, deepening at the entrance of Hudson Strait to Too fathoms. James Bay is much shallower, and unfit for shipping save for a central channel leading to the mouth of the Moose river. The centre and west of the main bay are absolutely free from shoals, rocks or islands, but down its east coast extend two lines of small islands, one close to shore, the other at 70 to 100 M. distance, and comprising a number of scattered groups (the Ottawa Islands, the Sleepers, the Belchers, &c.).. Into Hudson and James Bays flow numerous important rivers, so much so that the water of the latter is rather brackish than salt. Beginning at the north-west, the chief
Save for some high bluffs on the east and north-east, the shores of the bay are low. Around much of James Bay extend marshes and swampy ground. Geologically the greater part of the Hudson Bay district belongs to the Laurentian system, though there are numerous outcrops of later formation; Cambro- Silurian
grasses
chief
supply that the government of Canada is anxious to declare the bay a mare clausum.Hudson Strait is about 450 M. long with an average breadth of too in., narrowing at one point to 45. Its shores are high and bold, rarely less in height than I000 ft., save on the coast of Ungava Bay, a deep indentation on the south-east. No islands or rocks impede navigation. Its depth is from too to 200 fathoms. Owing to the violence of the tides, which rise to a height of 35 ft., it never absolutely freezes over. After three centuries of exploration, the navigability of Hudson Bay and Strait remains a vexed question. To Canada it is one of great commercial interest
York
The Cabots entered the strait in 1498, and during the next century a series of Elizabethan mariners; but the bay was not explored until 161o, when Henry Hudson pushed through the ice and explored to the southern limit of James Bay.See Lieutenant Gordon, R.N., Reports on the Hudson's Bay Expeditions (1884, 5, 6); William Ogilvie, Exploratory Survey to Hudson's Bay in 1890 (Ottawa, 1891); R. F. Stupart, The Navigation of Hudson's Bay and Straits (Toronto, 1904). End of Article: HUDSON BAY (less often, but more correctly, HUDSON'S BAY) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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