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Encyclopedia Britannica



HOUGHTON, RICHARD MONCKTON MILNES, 1ST BARON (18091885)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 809 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25
HOUGHTON, RICHARD MONCKTON MILNES, 1ST BARON (18091885) , English poet and man of letters, son of Robert Pemberton Milnes, of Fryston
Hall
 , Yorkshire, and the Hon. Henrietta Monckton, daughter of the fourth Lord Galway, was born in London on the 19th of June 1809. He was educated
privately, and entered Trinity College,
Cambridge
 , in 1827. There he was at once
drawn
  into a literary set, and became a member of the famous " Apostles " Club, which then included Tennyson, Hallam, Trench, J. W. Blakesley, afterwards dean of Lincoln, and others. After taking his degree, Milnes travelled abroad, spending some time at Bonn University. Thence he went to Italy and Greece, and published in 1834 a volume of Memorials of a Tour in some Parts of Greece, describing his experiences. He returned to London in 1837, and was in that year elected to Parliament as member for Pontefract. His parliamentary career was marked by much strenuous activity. He interested himself particularly in the question of copyright and the conditions of reformatory schools. He left Peel's party over the Corn Law controversy, and was afterwards identified in politics with Palmerston, at whose instance he was made a peer in 1863. His literary career was industrious and cultured, without being exceptionally distinguished. Church matters had always a claim upon him: he wrote a striking tract in 1841, which was praised by Newman; and took part in the discussion about " Essays and Reviews," defending the tractarian position in One Tract More (1841). He published two volumes of verse in 1838, Memorials of Residence upon the Continent and Poems of Many Years, Poetry for the People in 184o and Palm Leaves in 1844. He also wrote a Life and Letters of Keats in 1848, the material for which was largely provided by the poet's friend, Charles Armitage Brown. Milnes also contributed largely to the reviews. His poetry is meditative and delicate; some of his ballads were among the most popular of their day, and all his work was marked by refinement. But his
chief
  distinctions were his keen sense of literary merit.in others, and the judgment and magnanimity with which he fostered it. He was surrounded by the most brilliant men of his time, many of whom he had been the first to acclaim. His
chief
  title to remembrance rests on the part he played, as a man of influence in society and in moulding public
opinion
  on literary matters, in connexion with his large circle of talented friends. He secured a pension for Tennyson, helped to make Emerson known in Great Britain, and was one of the earliest champions of Swinburne. He helped David Gray and wrote a preface for The Luggie. He was, in the old sense of the word, a patron of letters, and one who never abused the privileges of his position. Milnes married in 1851 the Hon. Annabel Crewe (d. 1874). He died at Vichy on the 11th of August 1885, and was buried at Fryston. His son, the second Baron Houghton, was created
Earl
  of Crewe (q.v.) in 1895.
See The Life, Letters and Friendships of Richard Monckton Milnes, first Lord Houghton (189o), by Sir T. Wemyss Reid.
HOUGHTON-LE-
SPRING
 , an urban district in the Houghtonle-
Spring
  parliamentary division of Durham, England, 6 m. N.E. of the city of Durham. Pop. (Tool) 7858. It is well situated at the head of a small valley branching from that of the Wear. St Michael's church is a cruciform Early English and Decorated building, with a picturesque embattled rectory adjoining.
Bernard
  Gilpin, " the Apostle of the North," was
rector
  of this parish from 1556 to 1583, and the founder of the grammar school. The principal public buildings are a town
hall
 , market
house
  and church institute. Houghton Hall is a fine mansion of the late 16th century. In the orchard stands a tomb, that of the puritan Sir Robert Hutton (d. 168o), of whom a curious tradition states that he desired burial beside his war-horse, the body of which was denied interment in consecrated ground. The main road from Durham to Sunderland here passes through a remark-able cutting in the limestone 8o ft. deep. The district affords frequent evidence of ice activity in the glacial period. The town is the centre of a large system of electric tramways. The population is mainly dependent on the neighbouring collieries, but limestone quarrying is carried on to some extent.


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