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Encyclopedia Britannica



HOSPODAR

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 801 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HOR-I25
HOSPODAR , a
term
  of Slavonic origin, meaning " lord " (Russ. gospodar). It is a derivative of gospod, " lord," and is akin to gosudar, which primarily means " sovereign," and is now also used in
Russia
  as a polite form of address, equivalent to " sir." The pronunciation as hospodar of a word written gospodar in all but one of the Slavonic languages which retain the Cyrillic
alphabet
  is not, as is sometimes alleged, due to the
influence
  of Little
Russian
 , but to that of
Church
  Slavonic. In both of these g is frequently pronounced h. In Little
Russian
  the title hospodar is specially applied to the master of a
house
  or the head of a family. The rulers of Walachia and Moldavia were styled hospodars from the 15th
century
  to 1866. At the end of this period, as the title had been held by many vassals of Turkey, its retention was considered inconsistent with the growth of Rumanian independence. It was therefore discarded in favour of domn (
dominus
 , " lord "), which continued to be the official princely title up to the proclamation of a Rumanian kingdom in 1881.


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