HOSHIARPUR,

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 787 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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and carried off some of its population (cp. 1 Chron. v. 26). Pekah's resistance to Assyria led to a conspiracy in which he lost his life, and

Hoshea

HOSHEA (Heb. for " deliverance ")

the son of Elah became king (2 Kings xv. 27-30). The Assyrian king held him as his vassal (and indeed claims to have set him on the throne), and exacted from him a yearly

tribute

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

. Meanwhile, Damascus was besieged (733732 B.C.), Rasun was slain and the inhabitants deported (2 Kings xvi. 9; LXX. omits " to Kir," but see Amos i. 5). The impending fate of Damascus is illustrated by Isaiah (vii. 16, viii. 4, xvii. 1-11), who also gives a vivid description of the impression left by the Assyrian army (v. 26-30). After the death of Tiglath-Pileser,

Israel

ISRAEL (Hebrew for " God strives " or " rules "; see Gen. xxxii. 28; and the allusion in Hosea xii. 4)

regained confidence (Isa. ix. 8x.4) and took steps to recover its independence. Its policy vacillated " like a silly dove " (Hos. vii. 11), and at length negotiations were opened with Mizraim. The annual payment of

tribute

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

ceased and Shalmaneser IV. (who began to reign in 727 B.c.) at once laid siege to Samaria, which fell at the end of three years (722721 B.C.). The achievement is claimed by his successor Sargon.

Hoshea

HOSHEA (Heb. for " deliverance ")

was. killed, the land was again partly depopulated and a

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

appointed (2 Kings xviii. 9-12; cp. xvii. r sqq.). For other allusions to this period see HosEA, ISAIAH.
2 Kings xvii. 3 and 5 imply two attacks by Sha-lmaneser : in the first of which Hoshea was imprisoned and perhaps blinded (

Cheyne

CHEYNE,
THOMAS
KELLY (1841— )

, emending, " shut him up " in v. 4), although in v. 6 he is still reigning; see on this Winckler, Keilinschr. u. Alte Test.' p. 268;

Burney

BURNEY, CHARLES (1726-1814)

, Kings, p. 328 seq. ; Skinner, Kings, p. 372 seq. The chronological notes, moreover, are extremely confused; contrast xv. 30 with xvii. 1. The usual identification of So (or Seve), king of Mizraim, with Shabaka of

Egypt

EGYPT

is difficult, partly on chronological grounds (which Petrie, History of

Egypt

EGYPT

, pp. 277, 281 sqq. does not remove), and partly because the Ethiopian dominion in Egypt appears to be still weak and divided. The Assyrian records name a certain Sibi as officer, and also Piru (Pharaoh!) as king of Musri, and it is doubtful whether Hoshea's ally was a petty prince of Egypt or of a N. Arabian

district

DISTRICT

(see MIZRAIN1). If the latter, Hoshea's policy becomes, more intelligible; see Whitehouse, Isaiah, p. 17 seq.;

JEws

: History; PHILISTINES. On the depopulation of Samaria and the introduction of colonists, see Winckler's objections, Alttest. Untersuch. pp. 95-107, with

Burney

BURNEY, CHARLES (1726-1814)

's criticisms, Kings, P. 334 seq. (S. A. C.)

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