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Encyclopedia Britannica



HORATII

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 692 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR
HORATII and CURIATII, in Roman legend, two sets of three
brothers
  born at one
birth
  on the same daythe former Roman, the latter Albanthe mothers being twin sisters. During the war between Rome and Alba Longa it was agreed that the issue should depend on a combat between the two families. Two of the Horatii were soon slain; the third brother feigned flight, and when the Curiatii, who were all wounded, pursued him without concert he slew them one by one. When he entered Rome in
triumph
 , his
sister
  recognized a cloak which he was wearing as a
trophy
  as one she had herself made for her lover, one of the Curiatii. She thereupon invoked a curse upon her brother, who slew her on the spot. Horatius was condemned to be scourged to death, but on his appealing to the people his
life
  was spared (Livy i. 25, 26;
Dion
 . Halic. iii. 13-22). Monuments of the tragic story were shown by the Romans in the time of Livy (the altar of Janus Curiatius near the sororium tigillum, the "
sister
 's beam," or yoke under which Horatius had to pass; and the altar of Juno Sororia). The legend was probably invented to account for the origin of the provocatio (right of appeal to the people), while at the same time it points to the close connexion and final struggle for supremacy between the older city on the
mountain
  and the younger city on the plain. Their relationship and origin from three tribes are symbolically represented by the twin sisters and the two sets of three
brothers
 .
For a
critical
  examination of the story, see Schwegler, Romische Geschichte, bk. xii. ii. 14; Sir G. Cornewall Lewis, Credibility of Early Roman History, ch. xi. 15; W. Ihne, Hist. of Rome, i.; E. Pais, Storia di Roma, i. ch. 3 (1898), and Ancient Legends of Roman History (Eng. trans., 1906), where the story is connected with the ceremonies performed in honour of Jupiter Tigillus and Juno Sororia; C. Pascal, Fatti e legende di Roma antica (Florence, 1903); 0. Gilbert. Geschichte and Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum (1883-1885).


End of Article: HORATII


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