HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 684 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR

HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz) , the first admiral of the United States navy, was born at Scituate, Rhode Island, in 1718. He belonged to one of the most prominent Puritan families of New England. At the age of twenty he went to sea, and rapidly came to the front as a good sailor and skilful trader. Marrying, three years later, into a prosperous family of Newport, and thus increasing his influence in Rhode Island, he became commodore of a

fleet

FLEET

of seventeen merchantmen, the movements of which he directed with skill and energy. In war as well as peace,

Hopkins

was establishing his reputation as one of the leading colonial

seamen

SEAMEN,
LAWS
- LAWS
RELATING TO

, for as captain of a

privateer

PRIVATEER

he made more than one brilliant and successful venture during the Seven Years' War. in the

interval

INTERVAL

between voyages, moreover, he was engaged in Rhode Island politics, and rendered efficient support to his brother Stephen against the Ward

faction

FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

. At the outbreak of the War of Independence,

Hopkins

was appointed brigadier-general by Rhode Island, was commissioned, December 1775, by the Continental Congress,

commander

COMMANDER

-in-

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

of the navy, and in January 1776 hoisted his flag as admiral of the eight converted merchantmen which then constituted the navy of the United States. His first cruise resulted in a

great

GREAT

acquisition of material of war and an indecisive fight with H.M.S. " Glasgow." At first this created

great

GREAT

enthusiasm, but criticism soon made itself heard. Hopkins and two of his captains were tried for breach of orders, and, though ably defended by John Adams, were censured by Congress. The commands, nevertheless, were not interfered with, and a prize was soon afterwards named after the admiral by their orders. But the difficulties and mutual distrust continually increased, and in 1777 Congress summarily dismissed Hopkins from his command, on the complaint of some of his officers. Before the order arrived, the admiral had detected the conspiracy against him, and had had the ringleaders tried and degraded by court-martial. But the Congress followed up its order by dismissing him from the navy. For the rest of his life he lived in Rhode Island, playing a prominent part in state politics, and he died at Providence in 1802.
See Edward Field, Life of Esek Hopkins (Providence, 1898) ; also an article by R. Grieve in the New England Magazine of November 1897.

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