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Encyclopedia Britannica



HOLYOAKE, GEORGE JACOB (1817-2906)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 622 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR
HOLYOAKE, GEORGE JACOB (1817-2906) ,
English
  secularist and co-operator, was born at
Birmingham
 , on the 13th of April 1817. At an early age he became an Owenite lecturer, and in 1841 was the last person convicted for blasphemy in a public lecture, though this had no theological character and the incriminating words were merely a reply to a question addressed to him from the
body
  of the
meeting
 . He nevertheless under-went six months' imprisonment, and upon his release invented the inoffensive
term
  " secularism " as descriptive of his opinions, and established the Reasoner in their support. He was also the last person indicted for publishing an unstamped newspaper, but the prosecution dropped upon the repeal of the tax. His later years were chiefly devoted to the promotion of the co-operative
movement
  among the working classes. He wrote the history of the Rochdale Pioneers (1857), The History of
Co-operation in England (1875; revised ed., 1906), and The
Co-operative
Movement
  of To-day (1891). He also published
(1892) his autobiography, under the title of Sixty Years of an Agitator's
Life
 , and in 1905 two volumes of reminiscences, Bygones worth Remembering. He died at
Brighton
  on the 22nd of January 1906.
See J. McCabe,
Life
  and Letters of G. J. Holyoake (2 vols., 1908) ; C. W. F. Goss, Descriptive Bibliography of the Writings of G. J. Holyoake (1908).


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