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Encyclopedia Britannica



HOLDHEIM, SAMUEL (18o6-186o)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 583 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR
HOLDHEIM, SAMUEL (18o6-186o) , Jewish
rabbi
 , a leader of reform in the German
Synagogue
 , was born in Posen in 18o6 and died in Berlin in 186o. In 1836 he was appointed
rabbi
  at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, in 1840 he was transferred to the rabbinate of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He then became prominent as an
advocate
 
    See Also:
on the one hand of religious freedom (much trammelled at the time by Prussian state
laws
 ) and on the other of reform within the Jewish community. Various rabbinical conferences were held, at Brunswick (1844), Frankfort-on-the-Main (1845) and Breslau (1846). At all of these
Holdheim
  was a strong supporter of the policy of modifying ritual (especially with regard to
Sabbath
  observance,
marriage
 
laws
  and liturgical customs). In 1846 he was chosen Rabbi of the new Berlin
congregation
  and there exercised considerable influence on the course of Jewish reform.
See I. H. Ritter in the Jewish Quarterly
Review
 , i. 202. The same authority has written the life of
Holdheim
  in vol. iii. of his Geschichte der jiidischen Reformation (Berlin, 1865). Graetz in his History passes an unfavourable judgment on Holdheim, and there were admittedly grounds for opposition to Holdheim's attitude. A moderate criticism is contained in Dr D. Philipson's History of the Reform
Movement
  in Judaism (London, 1906).


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