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Encyclopedia Britannica



HIPPARCHUS (fl. 146-126 B.c.)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 516 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR
HIPPARCHUS (fl. 146-126 B.c.) ,Greek astronomer, was born at Nicaea in Bithynia early in the 2nd century B.C. He observed in the island of Rhodes probably from 161, certainly from 146 until about 126 B.C., and made the
capital
  discovery of the precession of the equinoxes in 130 (see ASTRONOMY: History). The outburst of a new
star
  in 134 B.C. is stated by Pliny (Hist. nat. ii. 26) to have prompted the preparation of his catalogue of 1oSo stars, substantially embodied in
Ptolemy
 's Almagest. Hipparchus founded trigonometry, and compiled the first table of chords. Scientific geography originated with his invention of the method of fixing terrestrial positions by circles of
latitude
  and longitude. There can be little doubt that the fundamental part of his astronomical knowledge was derived from
Chaldaea
 . None of his many works has survived except a Commentary on the Phaenomena of Aratus and Eudoxus, published by P. Victorius at Florence in 1567, and included by D. Petavius in his Uranologium (Paris, 1630). A new edition was published by Carolus Manitius (
Leipzig
 , 1894).
See J. B. J.
Delambre
 , Histoire de l'astronomie ancienne, i. 173; P. Tannery, Recherches sur l'histoire de l'astr. ancienne, p. 13o; A.
Berry
 , Hist. of Astronomy, pp. 4o-61 ; M. Marie, Hist. des sciences, i. 207; G. Cornewall Lewis, Astronomy of the Ancients, p. 207; R. Grant, Hist. of Phys. Astronomy, pp. 318, 437; F. Boll, Sphaera, p. 61 (
Leipzig
 , 1903); R. Wolf, Geschichte der Astronomic, p. 45; J. F. Montucla, Hist. des mathematiques, t. i. p. 257; J. A. Schmidt, Variorum philosophicorum decas, cap. i. (Jenae, 1691). (A. M. C.)


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