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Encyclopedia Britannica



HILL TIPPERA, or TRIPURA

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 469 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR
HILL TIPPERA, or TRIPURA ,, a native state of India, adjoining the British
district
  of Tippera, in Eastern Bengal and Assam. Area, 4086 sq. m.; pop. (rows) 173,325; estimated revenue, 55,000. Six parallel ranges of hill cross it from north to south, at an average distance of 12 M. apart. The hills are covered for the most part with bamboo jungle, while the low ground abounds with trees of various kinds, canebrakes and swamps. The principal crop and food staple is rice. The other articles of produce are
cotton
 , chillies and vegetables. The
chief
  exports are
cotton
 , timber, oilseeds, bamboo canes, thatching-grass and firewood, on all of which tolls are levied. The
chief
  rivers are the Gumti, Haora, Khoyai, Dulai, Manu and Fenny (Pheni). During the heavy rains the people in the plains use boats as almost the sole means of conveyance.
The history of the state includes two distinct periodsthe traditional period described in the Rajmala, or " Chronicles of the Kings of Tippera," and the period since A.D. 1407. The Rajmala is a history in Bengali verse, compiled by the Brahmans of the court of Tripura. In the early history of the state, the rajas were in a state of chronic
feud
  with all the neighbouring countries. The
worship
  of Siva was here, as elsewhere in India, associated with the practice of human sacrifice, and in no part of India were more victims offered. It was not until the beginning of the 17th century that the Moguls obtained any footing in this country. When the East India Company obtained the diwani or
financial
  administration of Bengal in 1765, so much of Tippera as had been placed on the Mahornmedan rent-roll came under British rule. Sine 18o8, each successive ruler has received
investiture
  from the British government. In October 1905 the state was attached to the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. It has a chronological era of its own, adopted by Raja Birraj, from whom the present raja is 93rd in descent. The year 1875 corresponded with 1285 of the Tippera era.
Besides being the ruler of Hill Tippera, the raja holds an estate in the British
district
  of Tippera, called chakla Roshnabad, which is far the most valuable of his possessions. The
capital
  is Agartala (pop. 9513), where there is an Arts College. The raja's palace and other public buildings were seriously damaged by the earthquake of the 12th of June 1897. The
late
  raja, who died from the result of a motor-car accident in 1909, succeeded his father in 1806, but he had taken a large share in the administration of the state for some years previously. The principle of succession, which had often caused serious disputes, was defined in 1904, to the effect that the chief may nominate any male descendant through males from himself or from any male ancestor, but failing such nomination, then the rule of primogeniture applies.


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