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Encyclopedia Britannica



HILL, JAMES J

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 464 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HIG-HOR
HILL, JAMES J . (1838 ), American railway capitalist, was born near
Guelph
 , Ontario, Canada, on the 16th of September 1838, and was educated at Rockwood (Ont.)
Academy
 , a Quaker institution. In 1856 he settled in St Paul, Minnesota. Abandoning, because of his father's death, his plans to study medicine, he became a clerk in the office of a firm of river steamboat agents and shippers, and later the agent for a line of river packets; he established about 187o transportation lines on the Mississippi and on the Red River (of the North). He effected a traffic arrangement between the St Paul Pacific Railroad and his steamboat lines; and when the railway failed in 1873 for $27,000,000, Hill interested Sir Donald A. '
Smith
  (Lord Strathcona), George Stephen (Lord
Mount
  Stephen), and other Canadian capitalists, in the road and in the wheat country of the Red River Valley; he got
control
  of the bonds (1878), foreclosed the mortgage, reorganized the road as the St Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba, and began to extend the line, then only 380 M. long, toward the Pacific; and in 1883 he became its president. He was president of the
Great
  Northern Railway (comprehending all his secondary lines) from 1893 to April 1907, when he became chairman of its board of directors. In the extension (18831893) of this railway westward to Puget Sound (whence it has direct steamship connexions with China and Japan), the line was built by the company itself, none of the
work
  being handled by contractors. Subsequently his
financial
  interests in American railways caused constant sensations in the stock-markets. The Hill interests obtained
control
  not only of the
Great
 -Northern system, but of the Northern Pacific and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and proposed the construction of another northern line to the Pacific coast. Hill was the president of the Northern Securities Company, which in 1904 was declared by the United States Supreme Court to be in conflict with the Sherman Anti-Trust Law. (See Vol. 27, p. 733.) Among Hill's gifts to public institutions was one of $500,000 to the St. Paul Theological Seminary (Roman Catholic).


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