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Encyclopedia Britannica



HIERRO, or FERRO

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 454 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HEG-HIG
HIERRO, or FERRO , an
island
  in the
Atlantic
  Ocean, forming
part
  of the Spanish archipelago of the
Canary
  Islands (q.v.). Pop. (1900) 65o8; area 107 sq. m. Hierro, the most westerly and the smallest
island
  of the group, is somewhat
crescent
 -shaped. Its length is about 18 m., its greatest breadth about 15 m., and its circumference 50 M. It lies 92 M. W.S.W. of Teneriffe. Its
coast
  is bound by high, steep rocks, which only admit of one harbour, but the interior is tolerably level. Its hill-tops in winter are sometimes wrapped in snow. Better and more abundant grass grows here than on any of the other islands. Hierro is exposed to westerly gales which frequently inflict
great
  damage. Fresh water is scarce, but there is a sulphurous
spring
 , with a temperature of 102 Fahr. The once celebrated and almost sacred Til tree, which was reputed to be always distilling water in
great
  abundance from its leaves, no longer exists. Only a small
part
  of the cultivable land is under tillage, the inhabitants being principally employed in pasturage. Valverde (pop. about 3000) is the
principal
  town. Geographers were formerly in the habit of measuring all longitudes from Ferro, the most westerly land known to them. The longitude assigned at first has, however, turned out to be erroneous; and the so-called " Longitude of Ferro " does not coincide with the actual longitude of the island.


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