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Encyclopedia Britannica



HIERONYMITES

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 454 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HEG-HIG
HIERONYMITES , a common name for three or four congregations of hermits living according to the
rule
  of St
Augustine
  with supplementary regulations taken from St Jerome's writings. Their habit was white, with a black cloak. (I) The Spanish Hieronymites, established near Toledo in 1374. The order soon became popular in Spain and Portugal, and in 1415 it numbered 25 houses. It possessed some of the most famous monasteries in the Peninsula, including the royal monastery of Belem near Lisbon, and the magnificent monastery built by Philip II. at the Escurial. Though the manner of life was very austere the Hieronymites devoted themselves to studies and to the active
work
  of the ministry, and they possessed
great
  influence both at the Spanish and the Portuguese courts. They went to Spanish and Portuguese America and played a considerable part in Christianizing and civilizing the Indians. There were Hieronymite nuns founded in 1375, who became very numerous. The order decayed during the 18th century and was completely suppressed in 1835- (2) Hieronymites of the Observance, or of Lombardy: a reform of (r) effected by the third general in 1424; it embraced seven houses in Spain and seventeen in Italy, mostly in Lombardy. It is now
extinct
 . (3) Poor Hermits of St Jerome, established near Pisa in 1377: it came to embrace nearly fifty houses whereof only one in Rome and one in Viterbo survive. (4) Hermits of St Jerome of the
congregation
  of Fiesole, established in 1406: they had
forty
  houses but in 1668 they were united to (3).
See
Helyot
 , HistoPre des ordres religieux (1714), iii. cc. 57-6o, iv. cc. 1-3; Max Heimbucher, Orden and Kongregationen (1896), i. 70; and art. " Hieronymiten " in
Herzog
 -Hauck, Realencyklopadie (ed. 3), and in Welte and Wetzer, Kirchenlexicon (ed. 2). (E. C. B.)


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