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Encyclopedia Britannica



HIDALGO

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 449 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HEG-HIG
HIDALGO , an inland state of
Mexico
 , bounded N. by San Luis
Potosi
  and Vera Cruz,E.by Vera Cruz and Puebla,S.by Tlaxcala and
Mexico
  (state), and W. by Queretaro. Pop. (1895) 551,817, (1900) 605,051. Area, 8917 sq. m. The northern and eastern parts are elevated and mountainous, culminating in the Cerro de Navajas (10,528 ft.). A considerable area of this region on the eastern side of the state is arid and semi-barren, being part of the elevated tableland of Apam where the maguey (American aloe) has been grown for centuries. The southern and western parts of the state consist of
rolling
  plains, in the midst of which is the large lake of Metztitlan. Hidalgo produces cereals in the more elevated districts, sugar, maguey, coffee, beans,
cotton
  and tobacco. Maguey is cultivated for the production of pulque, the national drink. The
chief
  industry, however, is mining, the
mineral
  districts of Pachuca, El Chico, Real del Monte, San Jose del Oro, and Zimapan being among the richest in Mexico. The
mineral
  products include silver, gold, mercury, copper, iron, lead, zinc, antimony, manganese and plumbago. Coal, marble and opals are also found. Rail-way facilities are afforded by a branch of the Vera Cruz and Mexico line, which runs from Ometusco to Pachuca, the
capital
  of the state, and by the Mexican Central. Among the principal towns are Tulancingo (pop. 9037), a rich mining centre 24 M. E. of Pachuca, Ixmiquilpan (about 9000) with silver mines 8o m. N. by W. of the Federal
Capital
 , and Actopan (2666), the
chief
  town of the district N.N.W. of Pachuca, inhabited principally by Indians of the Othumies nation.


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