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Encyclopedia Britannica



HELSINGFORS (Finnish Helsinki)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 252 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HEG-HIG
HELSINGFORS (Finnish Helsinki) , a seaport and the
capital
  of Finland and of the province of Nyland, centre of the administrative, scientific, educational and industrial life of Finland. The fine harbour is divided into two parts by a promontory, and is protected at its entrance by a group of small islands, on one of which stands the fortress of Sveaborg. A third harbour is situated on the west side of the promontory, and all three have granite quays. The city, which in 1810 had only 4065 inhabitants, Abo the then
capital
  having 10,224, has increased with
great
  rapidity, having 22,228 inhabitants in 186o, 61,530 in 1890 and 111,654 in 1904. It is the centre of an active shipping trade with the Baltic ports and with England, and of a railway system connecting it with all parts of the grand duchy and with St
Petersburg
 . Helsingfors is handsome and well laid out with wide streets, parks, gardens and monuments. The principal square contains the cathedral of St Nicholas, the Senate
House
  and the university, all str;king buildings of considerable architectural distinction. In the centre is the statue of the Tsar Alexander II., who is looked upon as the protector of the liberties of Finland, the monument being annually decorated with wreaths and garlands. The university has a teaching staff of 141 with (1906) 1921 students, of whom 328 were women. The university is well provided with museums and laboratories and has a library of over 250,000 volumes. Other public institutions are the
Athenaeum
 , with picture gallery, a Swedish theatreand opera
house
 , a Finnish theatre, the Archives, the Senate House, the *Nobles' House (Riddarhusel) and the House of the Estates, the German (Lutheran) church and the Russian church. Some of the scientific societies of Helsingfors have a wide repute, such as the
academy
  of sciences, the geographical, historical, Finno-Ugrian, biblical, medical, law, arts and forestry societies, as also societies for the spread of popular education and of arts and crafts. There are a
polytechnic
 , ten high schools, navigation and trade schools, institutes for the blind and the mentally deficient, and numerous elementary schools. The general standard of education is high, the publication of books, reviews and
newspapers
  being very active. The language of culture is Swedish, but owing to
recent
  manufacturing developments the majority of the population is Finnish-speaking. Helsingfors displays
great
  manufacturing and commercial activity, the imports being coal, machinery, sugar, grain and clothing. The manufactures of the city consist largely of tobacco, beer and spirits, carpets, machinery and sugar.


End of Article: HELSINGFORS (Finnish Helsinki)


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