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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HEG-HIG |
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HELOTS (Gr. eYAwres or eiXiorat) , the serfs of the ancient Spartans. The word was derived in antiquity from the town of Helos in Laconia, but is more probably connected with EAos, a fen, or with the root of EAeIv, to capture. Some scholars suppose them to have been of Achaean race, but they were more probably the aborigines of Laconia who had been enslaved by the Achaeans before the Dorian conquest. After the second Messenian war (see SPARTA) the conquered Messenians were reduced to the status of helots, from which Epaminondas liberated them three centuries later after the battle of Leuctra
fleet
record of 2000 helots being freed for service in war and then secretly assassinated (Thuc. iv. 8o). But when we remember the value of the helots from a military and agricultural point of view we shall not readily believe that the crypteia was really, as some authors represent it, an organized system of massacre; we shall see in it " a good police training, inculcating hardihood and vigour in the young
Intermediate between Helots and Spartiates were the two classes of Neodamodes and Mothones. The former were emancipated helots, or possibly their descendants, and were much used in war from the end of the 5th century; they served especially on foreign campaigns, as those of Thibron (400-399 B.C.) and Agesilaus (396-394 B.C.) in Asia
Minor . The mothones or mothakes were usually the sons of Spartiates and helot mothers; they were free men sharing the Spartan training, but were not full citizens, though they might become such in recognition of special
See C. O. Muller, History and Antiquities of the Doric Race (Eng. trans.), bk. iii. ch. 3.; G. Gilbert, Greek Constitutional Antiquities (Eng. trans.), pp. 30-35; A. H. J. Greenidge, Handbook of Greek Constitutional History, pp. 83-85; G. Busolt, Die griech. Staats- u. Rechtsaltertumer, 84; Griechische Geschichte, i.2 525-528; G. F. Schomann, Antiquities of Greece
(M. N. T.) End of Article: HELOTS (Gr. eYAwres or eiXiorat) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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