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Encyclopedia Britannica



HEJIRA

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 218 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HEG-HIG
HEJIRA ,' or HEGIRA (Arab. hijra, flight, departure from one's country, from hajara, to go away), the name of the
Mahommedan
  era. It
dates
  from 622, the year in which
Mahomet
  " fled " from Mecca to Medina to escape the persecution of his kinsmen of the Koreish tribe. The years of this era are distinguished by the initials " A.II." (
anno
  hegirae). The
Mahommedan
  year is a lunar one, about 11 days shorter than the Christian; allowance must be made for this in translating Hegira
dates
  into Christian dates; thus A.R. 1321 corresponds roughly to A.D. 1903. The actual date of the " flight " is fixed as 8 Rabia I., i.e. loth of September 622, by the tradition that
Mahomet
  arrived at Kufa on the Hebrew Day of Atonement. Although Mahomet himself appears to have dated events by his flight, it was not till seventeen years later that the actual era was systematized by Omar, the second
caliph
 (see
CALIPHATE
 ), as beginning from the 1st day of Muharram (the first lunar month of the year) which in that year (639) corresponded to July 16. The
term
  hejira is also applied in its more general sense to other " emigrations " of the faithful, e.g. to that to Abyssinia (see MAROMET), and to that of Mahomet's followers to Medina before the capture of Mecca. These latter are known as Muhajirun.
For the problems of Moslem chronology and
comparative
  tables of dates see (beside the articles CALENDAR, CHRONOLOGY and
ea_
i The i in the second syllable is short.
MAHOMET),Wiistenfeld, Vergleichungstabellen der muhammedanischen and christlichen Zeitrechnung (2nd ed.,
Leipzig
 , 1903); Mas Latrie, Tresor de chronologie (Paris, 1889) ; Durbaneh, Universal Calendar (Cairo, 1896); Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen, ii. 326-350; D. Nielson, Die altarabische Mondreligion (Strassburg, 1904) ; Hughes, Dictionary of
Islam
 , s. v. Hijrah."


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