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Encyclopedia Britannica



HEATHEN

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 159 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HEATHEN , a term originally applied to all persons or races who did not hold the Jewish or Christian belief, thus including Mahommedans. It is now more usually given to polytheistic races, thus excluding Mahommedans.
Pile
  derivation of the word has been much debated. It is common to all Germanic languages; cf. German Heide, Dutch heiden. It is usually ascribed to a
Gothic
  hairi, heath. In Ulfilas'
Gothic
  version of the Bible, the earliest extant literary
monument
  of the Germanic languages, the Syrophoenician woman (Mark vii. 26) is called hai)ino, where the
Vulgate
  has gentilis. " Heathen," i.e. the people of the heath or open country, would thus be a
translation
  of the Latin paganus,
pagan
 , i.e. the people of the pagus or
village
 , applied to the dwellers in the country where the
worship
  of the old gods still lingered, when the people of the towns were Christians (but see
PAGAN
  for a more tenable explanation of that term). On the other hand it has been suggested (PTO f:y,S. Bugge, Indo-German. Forschungen, v. 178, quoted in the New English Dictionary) that Ulfilas may have adopted the word from the Armenian hetanos, i.e. Greek EBvi7, tribes, races, the word used for the " Gentiles " in the New Testament. Gentilis in Latin, properly meaning " tribesman," came to be. used of foreigners and non-Roman peoples, and was adopted in ecclesiastical usage for the non-Christian nations and in the Old Testament for non-Jewish races.


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