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Encyclopedia Britannica



HEARSE (an adaptation of Fr. herse, a harrow, from Lat. hirpex, hirpicem, rake or harrow, Greek aprra;:)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 129 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HEARSE (an adaptation of Fr. herse, a harrow, from Lat. hirpex, hirpicem, rake or harrow, Greek aprra;:) , a vehicle for the conveyance of a dead
body
  at a funeral. The most usual shape is a four-wheeled car, with a roofed and enclosed
body
 , sometimes with glass panels, which contains the coffin. This is the only current use of the word. In its earlier forms it is usually found as " herse," and meant, as the French word did, a harrow (q.v.). It was then applied to other objects resembling a harrow, following the French. It was then used of a portcullis, and thus becomes a heraldic term, the " herse " being frequently borne as a " charge, " as in the arms of the City of Westminster. The
ANATOMY]
chief
  application of the word is, however, to various objects used in funeral ceremonies. A " herse " or "
hearse
  " seems first to have been a barrow-shaped framework of
wood
 , to hold lighted tapers and decorations placed on a bier or coffin; this later developed into an elaborate pagoda-shaped erection of woodwork or metal for the funerals of royal or other distinguished persons. This held
banners
 , candles, armorial bearings and other heraldic devices. Complimentary verses or epitaphs were often attached to the "
hearse
 ." An elaborate " hearse " was designed by Inigo Jones for the funeral of James I. The " hearse " is also found as a permanent erection over tombs. It is generally made of iron or other metal, and was used, not only to carry lighted candles, but also for the support of a
pall
  during the funeral ceremony. There is a brass " hearse " in the Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick Castle, and one over the tomb of Robert Marmion and nis wife at Tanfield Church near Ripon.


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