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Encyclopedia Britannica



HAWLEY, HENRY (c. 1679-1759)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 101 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HAWLEY, HENRY (c. 1679-1759) , British lieut.-general, entered the army, it is said, in 1694. He saw service in the War of Spanish Succession as a captain of Erie's (the 19th) foot. After Almanza he returned to England, and a few years later had become lieut.-colonel of the 19th. With this
regiment
  he served at Sheriffmuir in 1715, where he was wounded. After this for some years he served in the United Kingdom, obtaining pro-motion in the usual course, and in 1739 he arrived at the grade of major general. Four years later he accompanied Geurse 1I.
and Stair to Germany, and, as a general officer of cavalry under Sir John
Cope
 , was present at Dettingen. Becoming lieut.-general somewhat later, he was second-in-command of the cavalry at Fontenoy, and on the 20th of December 1745 became
commander
 -in-
chief
  in
Scotland
 . Less than a month later Hawley suffered a severe defeat at
Falkirk
  at the hands of the Highland insurgents. This, however, did not cost him his command, for the duke of
Cumberland
 , who was soon afterwards sent north, was captain-general. Under
Cumberland
 's orders Hawley led the cavalry in the campaign of Culloden, and at that battle his dragoons distinguished themselves by their ruthless butchery of the fugitive rebels. After the end of the "
Forty
 -Five " he accompanied Cumberland to the Low Countries and led the allied cavalry at Lauffeld (Val). He ended his career as
governor
  of Portsmouth and died at that place in 1759. James Wolfe, his brigade-major, wrote of General Hawley in no flattering terms. " The troops dread his severity, hate the man and hold his military knowledge in contempt," he wrote. But, whether it be true or false that he was the natural son of George II., Hawley was always treated with the greatest favour by that king and by his son the duke of Cumberland.


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