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Encyclopedia Britannica



HARZBURG

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 48 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HARZBURG , a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick, beautifully situated in a deep and well-wooded vale at the north foot of the Harz Mountains, at the terminus of the Brunswick-Harzburg railway, 5 M. E.S.E. from Goslar and 18 m. S. from Wolfenbuttel. Pop. (1905), 4396. The Radau, a mountain stream, descending from the
Brocken
 , waters the valley and adds much to its picturesque charm. The town is much frequented as a summer residence. It possesses brine and carbonated springs, the Juliushall saline baths being about a mile to the
south
  of the town, and a hydropathic
establishment
 . A mile and a half
south
  from the town lies the Burgberg, 1500 ft. above sea-level, on whose summit, according to tradition, was once an altar to the heathen idol Krodo, still to be seen in the Ulrich chapel at Goslar. There are on the summit of the hill the remains of an old castle, and a monument erected in 1875 to Prince Bismarck, with an inscription taken from one of his speeches against the Ultramontane claims of Rome" Nach Canossa gehen wir nichl."
The castle on the Burgberg called the Harzburg is famous in German history. It was built between Io65 and Io69, but was laid in ruins by the
Saxons
  in 1074; again it was built and again destroyed during the struggle between the emperor
Henry
  IV. and the
Saxons
 . By Frederick I. it was granted to
Henry
  the Lion, who caused it to be rebuilt about 1180. It was a frequent residence of Otto IV., who died therein, and after being frequently besieged and taken, it passed to the
house
  of
Brunswick. It ceased to be of importance as a fortress after the Thirty Years' War, and gradually fell into ruins.
See Delius, Untersuchungen fiber die Geschichte der Harzburg Halberstadt, 1826) ; Dommes, Harzburg and seine Umgebung Goslar, 1862) ; Jacobs, Die Harzburg and ihre Geschichte (1885) ; and Stolle, Fuhrer von Bad Harzburg (1899).


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