HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM (18351898)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 30 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG

HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM (18351898) , English medical journalist, was born in London on the 26th of June 1835, the son of a Jewish dentist. He was educated at the City of London school, and became a student at St George's

hospital

. In 1856 he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, making a specialty of diseases of the eye. He was appointed ophthalmic surgeon at St Mary's

hospital

at the age of 28, and occupied various other posts, introducing into ophthalmic practice some modifications since widely adopted. His name, too, is associated with a method of treating popliteal aneurism, which he was the first to use in

Great

GREAT

Britain. His real life-

work

WORK

, however, was as a medical journalist, beginning with the

Lancet

LANCET (from Fr. lancette, dim. of lance, lance)

in 1857. He was appointed editor of the British Medical Journal in 1866. He took a leading part in the exposures which led to the inquiry into the state of London workhouse infirmaries, and to the reform of the treatment of sick poor throughout England, and the Infant Life

Protection

PROTECTION

Act of 1872, aimed at the evils of baby-farming, was largely due to his efforts. The

record

RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

of his public

work

WORK

covers nearly the whole field of sanitary legislation during the last thrity years of his life. He had a hand in the amendments of the Public Health and of the Medical Acts; in the

measures

MEASURES

relating to notification of infectious disease, to vaccination, to the registration of plumbers; in the improvement of factory legislation; in the remedy of legitimate grievances of Army and Navy medical officers; in-the removal of abuses and deficiencies in crowded barrack schools; in denouncing the sanitary shortcomings of the Indian government, particularly in regard to the prevention of cholera. His work on behalf of the British Medical Association is shown by the increase from 2000 to 19,000 in the number of members, and the growth of the British Medical Journal from 20 to 64 pages, during his editor-ship. From 1872 to 1897 he was chairman of the Association's Parliamentary Bill Committee. He died on the 7th of January_ 1898. For his second wife he married Alice Marion Rowland, who had herself studied

medicine

MEDICINE

in London and Paris, and was no less interested than her husband in philanthropic reform. She was most active in her encouragement of Irish cottage

industries

INDUSTRIES

, and was the founder of the Donegal Industrial Fund.

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