HARTLIB, SAMUEL (c. 1599c. 1670)

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 36 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HARTLIB, SAMUEL (c. 1599c. 1670) , English writer on education and agriculturist, was born towards the close of the 16th century at Elbing in Prussia, his father being a refugee merchant from Poland. His

mother

MOTHER

was the daughter of a

rich

-English merchant at Danzig. About 1628 Hartlib went to England, where he carried on a mercantile agency, and at the same time found leisure to enter with

interest

INTEREST

into the public questions of the day. An enthusiastic admirer of Comenius, he published in 1637 his Conatuum Comenianorum praeludia, and
in 1639 Comenii pansophiae prodromus et didactica dissertatio.
In 1641 appeared his Relation of that which hath been lately
attempted to procure Ecclesiastical Peace among Protestants, and
the A Description of Macaria, containing his ideas of what a model
f state should be. During the civil war Hartlib occupied himself
with the peaceful study of

agriculture

, publishing various works by himself, and printing at his own expense several

treatises

TREATISES

by others on the subject. In 1652 he issued a second edition of the Discourse of Flanders Husbandry by Sir Richard Weston (1645); and in 1651 Samuel Hartlib, his Legacy, or an Enlargement of the Discourse of Husbandry used in Brabant and Flanders, by Robert Child. For his various labours Hartlib received from Cromwell a pension of roo, afterwards increased to 3oo, as he had spent all his fortune on his experiments. He planned a school for the sons of gentlemen, to be conducted on new principles, and this probably was the occasion of his friend Milton's Tractate on Education, addressed to him in 1644, and of Sir William

Petty

PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

's Two Letters on the same subject, in 1647 and 1648. At the Restoration Hartlib lost his pension, which had already fallen into arrears; he petitioned

parliament

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

for a new grant of it, but what success he met with is unknown, as his latter years and death are wrapped in obscurity. A

letter

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the
alphabet
- ALPHABET (see also WRITING)
; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

from him is known to have been written in February 16611662, and apparently he is referred to by Andrew Marvell as alive in 167o and fleeing to Holland from his creditors.
A Biographical Memoir of Samuel Hartlib, by H. Dircks, appeared in 1865.

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