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Encyclopedia Britannica



HARRAN, HARAN

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 16 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HARRAN, HARAN or CHARRAN (Sept. X a1 6.v or Xappa: Strabo, Kci.b ac: Pliny, Carrae or Carrhae; Arab. Harrah), in biblical history the place where Terah halted after leaving Ur, and apparently the birthplace of Abraham, a town on the stream Jullab, some nine
hours
 ' journey from Edessa in Syria. At this point the road from Damascus joins the
highway
  between Nineveh and Carchemish, and Haran had thus considerable military and commercial value. As a strategic position it is mentioned in
inscriptions
  as early as the time of Tiglath Pileser I., about 'too B.C., and subsequently by
Sargon
  II., who restored the privileges lost at the rebellion which led to the con-quest referred to in 2 Kings xix. 12 (=ha. xxxvii. 12). It was the centre of a considerable commerce (Ezek.
xxvii
 . 23), and one of its specialities was the odoriferous gum derived from the strobus (Pliny, H.N. xii. 40). It was here that Crassus in his eastern expedition was attacked and slain by the Parthians (53 B.C.); and here also the emperor
Caracalla
  was murdered at the instigation of Macrinus (A.D. 217). Haran was the
chief
 
home
  of the moon-god Sin, whose temple was rebuilt by several kings, among them Assur-bani-pal and Nabunidus and Herodian (iv. 13, 7) mentions the town as possessing in his day a temple of the moon. In the middle ages it is mentioned as having been the seat of a particular
heathen
  sect, that of the Haranite Sabeans. It retained its importance down to the period of the Arab ascendancy; but by Abulfeda it is mentioned as having before his time fallen into decay. It is now wholly in ruins. The Yahwistic writer (Gen.
xxvii
 . 43) makes it the
home
  of Laban and connects it with Isaac and Jacob. But we cannot thus put Haran in Aramnaharaim; the home of the Labanites is rather to be looked for in the very similar word Hauran.


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