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Encyclopedia Britannica



HARMOTOME

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 10 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HARMOTOME , a
mineral
  of the zeolite group, consisting of hydrous barium and
aluminium
  silicate, H2BaAl2(SiO3)5+5H20. Usually a small amount of potassium is present replacing
part
  of the barium. The
system
  of crystallization is monoclinic; only complex twinned crystals are known. A common and characteristic form of twinned crystal, such as is represented in the figure, consists of four intercrossing individuals twinned together according to two twin-
laws
 ; the compound group resembles a tetragonal crystal with prism and pyramid, but may be distinguished from this by the grooves along the edges of the pseudo-prism. The faces of the crystals are marked by characteristic striations, as indicated in the figure. Twinned crystals of exactly the same kind are also frequent in
phillipsite
  (q.v.). Crystals are usually white and translucent, with a vitreous lustre. The hardness is 4zf and the specific gravity 2.5.
The name harrnotome (from apos, " a
joint
 ," and TEvely, " to cut ") was given by R. J. flatly in 1801, and has a crystallographic signification. Earlier names are
cross
 -stone (Ger. Kreuzstein), ercinite, andreasbergolite and andreolite, the two last being derived from the locality, Andreasberg in the Harz. Morvenite (from Morven in
Argyllshire
 ) is the name given to small transparent crystals formerly referred to
phillipsite
 .
Like other zeolites, harmotome occurs with calcite in the amygdaloidal cavities of volcanic rocks, for example, in the dolerites of Dumbartonshire, and as fine crystals in the agate-lined cavities in the melaphyre of
Oberstein
  in Germany. It also occurs in gneiss, and sometimes in metalliferous veins. At Andreasberg in the Harz it is found in the lead and silver veins; and at Strontian in
Argyllshire
  in lead veins, associated with brewsterite (a strontium and barium zeolite), barytes and calcite. (L. J. S.)


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