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Encyclopedia Britannica



HARLEQUIN

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 955 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HARLEQUIN , in
modern
  pantomime, the posturing and acrobatic
character
  who gives his name to the " harlequinade," attired in
mask
  and parti-coloured and spangled tights, and provided with a
sword
  like a bat, by which, himself invisible, he works wonders. It has generally been assumed that Harlequin was transferred to France from the "Arlecchino" of Italian medieval and Renaissance popular comedy; but Dr Driesen in his Ursprung des Harlekins (Berlin, 1904) shows that this is incorrect. An old French " Harlekin " (Herlekin, Hellequin and other variants) is found in folk-literature as early as 1100; he had already become proverbial as a ragamuffin of a demoniacal
appearance
  and
character
 ; in 1262 a number of harlekins appear in a play by
Adam
  de la
Halle
  as the intermediaries of King Hellekin, prince of Fairyland, in courting
Morgan
  le Fay; and it was not till much later that the French Harlekin was transformed into the Italian Arlecchino. In his typical French form down to the time of
Gottsched
 , he was a spirit of the air, deriving thence his invisibility and his characteristically light and aery whirlings. Subsequently he returned from the Italian to the French stage, being imported by Marivaux into light comedy; and his various attributes gradually became amalgamated into the latter form taken in pantomime.


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