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Encyclopedia Britannica



HARKNESS, ROBERT (18161878)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 954 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HARKNESS, ROBERT (18161878) , English geologist, was born at Ormskirk, Lancashire, on the 28th of July 1816. He was educated at the high school, Dumfries, and afterwards (18331834) at the university of Edinburgh where he acquired an
interest
  in geology from the teachings of Robert Jameson and J. D. Forbes. Returning to Ormskirk he worked zealously at the local geology, especially on the Coal-
measures
  and New Red Sandstone, his first
paper
  (read before the Manchester Geol. Soc. in 1843) being on The Climate of the Coal Epoch. In 1848 his family went to reside in Dumfries and there he commenced to
work
  on the
Silurian
  rocks of the S.W. of
Scotland
 , and in 1849 he carried his investigations into Cumberland. In these regions during the next few years he added much to our knowledge of the strata and their fossils, especially graptolites, in papers read before the Geological Society of London. He wrote also on the New Red rocks of the north of England and
Scotland
 . In 1853 he was appointed professor of geology in Queen's College, Cork, and in 1856 he was elected F.R.S. During this period he wrote some articles on the geology of parts of Ireland, and exercised much influence as a teacher, but he returned to England during his vacations and devoted himself assiduously to the geology of the Lake
district
 . He was also a constant attendant at the meetings of the British Association. In 1876 the syllabus for the Queen's Colleges in Ireland was altered, and Professor
Harkness
  was required to lecture not only on geology, palaeontology,
mineralogy
  and physical geography, but also on
zoology
  and botany. The strain of the extra
work
  proved too much, he decided to relinquish his post, and had retired but a short time when he died, on the 4th of October 1878.
" Memoir," by J. G. Goodchild, in Trans. Cumberland Assoc. No.


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