HARDY BIENNIALS

This article appears in Volume V13, Page 767 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG

HARDY BIENNIALS .Biennials live through one winter period. They require to be sown in the summer months, about June or July, in order to get established before winter; they should be pricked out as soon as large enough, and should have ample space so as to become

hardy

and stocky. They should be planted in good soil, but not of too stimulating a character. Those that are perfectly

hardy

are best planted where they are to flower in good time during autumn. This transplanting acts as a kind of check, which is rather beneficial than otherwise. Of those that are liable to suffer injury in winter, as the

Brompton

BROMPTON

and Queen Stocks, a portion should be potted and wintered in cold frames ventilated as freely as the weather will permit.
The number of biennials is not large, but a few very desirable garden plants, such as the following, occur amongst them:
Agrostemma coronaria (Rose Campion): hardy, 11 ft.,

bright

BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

rose-purple or rose and white.
Beta Cicla variegata: hardy, 2 ft., beautifully coloured leaves and midribs, crimson, golden, &c.

Campanula

CAMPANULA (Bell-flower)

Medium (Canterbury Bell) : hardy, 2 ft., blue, white, rose, &c. The

double

-flowered varieties of various colours are very handsome.

Campanula

CAMPANULA (Bell-flower)

Medium calycanthema: hardy, 2 ft., blue or white; hose-in-hose flowered.
Catananche coerulea: hardy, 2 to 3 ft., blue or white.
Celsia cretica : hardy. 4 to 5 ft., yellow, with two dark spots near centre; in spikes.
Cheiranthus Cheiri (Wallflower): hardy, 11 to 2 ft., red, purple, yellow, &c.; really a perennial but better as a biennial.
Coreopsis grandiflora: hardy, 2 to 3 ft.,

bright

BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

yellow; the finest member of the genus.
Dianthus barbatus (Sweet William) : hardy, 1 to 11 ft., crimson, purple, white or parti-coloured.
Dianthus chinensis (Indian

Pink

PINK

): half-hardy, t ft., various; flower earlier if treated as biennials; must be protected from frost. Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove): hardy, 3 to 5 ft., rosy-purple or white; beautifully spotted; the variety called gloxinioides has regular, erect

flowers

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

.
Echium pomponium: hardy, 4 ft., rosy-

pink

PINK

.
Hedysarum coronarium (French

Honeysuckle

HONEYSUCKLE (Mid. Eng., honysocle, i.e. any plant from which honey may be sucked,—cf. A.-S. huni-suge, privet; Ger. Geissblalt; Fr. chevrefeuille)

) : hardy, 2 to 3 ft., scarlet or white; fragrant.
Hesperis tristis (Night-scented Rocket) : hardy, 3 ft., dull purplish ; fragrant at night.
Lunaria biennis (Honesty): hardy, 2 to 3 ft., purple; the silvery dissepiment attractive among everlastings.
Matthiola incana (two groups, the

Brompton

BROMPTON

and the Queen stocks) : hardy, 2 to 2+ ft., white, red and purple.
Meconopsis. Charming members of the poppy family, of which M. aculeata, purple; M. grandis, purple; M. heterophylla, coppery-orange; M. nepalensis, golden yellow; M. integrifolia, yellow; M. sunplicifolia, violet purple, are grown with care in sheltered spots, and in rich, very gritty soil.
Michauxia campanuloides, a remarkable bell flower, 3 to 8 ft. high, white tinged purple. Requires rich

loam

LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

in warm sheltered spots.
Oenothera biennis and O. Lamarckiana (Evening primrose) : hardy, 5 ft., bright yellow; large.
Scabiosa caucasica: hardy, 3 ft., blue, white.
Silene cornpacta: half-hardy, 3 to 6 inches, bright pink; clustered as in S. Armeria.
Verbascum Blattaria: hardy, 3 to 4 ft., yellowish, with purple hairs on the filaments; in tall spikes.

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