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Encyclopedia Britannica



HARCOURT

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 939 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HARCOURT , a
village
  in Normandy, now a commune in the department of Eure, arrondissement of Bernay and canton of Brionne, which gives its name to a noble family distinguished in French history, a branch of which was early established in England. Of the lords of Harcourt, whose genealogy can be traced back to the 11th century, the first to distinguish himself was Jean II. (d. 1302) who was marshal and admiral of France. Godefroi d'Harcourt, seigneur of Saint Sauveur le Vicomte, surnamed " Le boiteux " (the lame), was a marshal in the English army and was killed near Coutances in 1356. The fief of Harcourt was raised to the rank of a countship by Philip of Valois, in favour of Jean IV., who was killed at the battle of Crecy (1346). His son, Jean V. (d. 1355) married Blanche, heiress of Jean II., count of
Aumale
 , and the countship of Harcourt passed with that of
Aumale
  until, in 1424, Jean VIII., count of Aumale and Mortain and lieutenant-general of Normandy, was killed at the battle of Verneuil, and with him the elder branch became extinct in the male line. The heiress, Marie, by her
marriage
  with Anthony of Lorraine, count of Vaudemont, brought the countship of Harcourt into the
house
  of Lorraine. The title of count of Harcourt was borne by several princes of this
house
 . The most famous instance was
Henry
  of Lorraine, count of Harcourt, Brionne, and Armagnac, and nicknamed " Cadet la perle " (16o1-1666). He distinguished himself in several campaigns against Spain, and later played an active part in the civil wars of the Fronde. He took the side of the princes, and fought against the
t
government in
Alsace
 ; but was defeated by Marshal de la Ferte, and made his submission in 1654.
The most distinguished among the younger branches of the family are those of Montgomery and of Beuvron. To the former belonged Jean d'Harcourt, bishop of Amiens and Tournai, archbishop of Narbonne and patriarch of Antioch, who died in 1452; and Guillaume d'Harcourt, count of Tancarville, and viscount of Melun, who was head of the administration of the woods and forests in the royal domain (souverain maitre et reformateur des eaux et forces de France) and died in 1487.
From the branch of the marquises of Beuvron sprang Henri d'Harcourt, marshal of France, and
ambassador
  at the Spanish court, who was made duke of Harcourt (1700) and a peer of France (1709); also Francois
Eugene
  Gabriel, count, and afterwards duke, of Harcourt, who was
ambassador
  first in Spain, and later at Rome, and died in 1865. This branch of the family is still in existence.
See G. A. de la Rogne, Histoire genealogique de la maison d'Harcourt (4 vols., Paris, 1662) ; P. Anselme, Histoire genealogique de la maison de France, v. 114, &c. ; and Dom le Noir, Preuves genealogiques et historiques de la maison de Harcourt (Paris, 1907).
(M. P.*)


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