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Encyclopedia Britannica



HANNA, MARCUS ALONZO (1837-1904)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 920 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: HAN-HEG
HANNA, MARCUS ALONZO (1837-1904) , American politician, was born at New Lisbon (now Lisbon) Columbiana county,
Ohio
 , on the 24th of September 1837. In 1852 he removed with his father to Cleveland, where the latter established himself in the wholesale grocery business, and the son received his education in the public schools of that city, and at the Western Reserve University. Leaving college before the completion of his course, he became associated with his father in business, and on his father's death (1862) became a member of the firm. In 1867 he entered into partnership with his father-in-law, Daniel P. Rhodes, in the coal and iron business. It was largely due to
Hanna
 's progressive methods that the business of the firm, which became M. A.
Hanna
  & Company in 1877, was extended to include the ownership of a
fleet
  of lake steamships constructed in their own shipyards, and the
control
  and operation of valuable coal and iron mines. Subsequently he became largely interested in street railway properties in Cleveland and elsewhere, and in various banking institutions. In early life he had little time for politics, but after 188o he became prominent in the affairs of the Republican party in Cleveland, and in 1884 and 1888 was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, in the latter year being associated with William
McKinley
  in the management of the John Sherman canvass. It was not, however, until 1896, when he personally managed the canvass that resulted in securing the Republican presidential nomination for William
McKinley
  at the St Louis Convention (at which he was a delegate), that he became known throughout the United States as a political manager of great adroitness, tact and resourcefulness. Subsequently he became chairman of the Republican National Committee, and managed with consummate skill the campaign of 1896 against William Jennings Bryan and " free-silver." In March 1897 he was appointed, by
Governor
  Asa S..Bushnell (18341904) United States senator from
Ohio
 , to succeed John Sherman. In the senate, to which in January 1898 he was elected for the short term ending on the 3rd of March 1899 and for the succeeding full term, he took little part in the debates, but was recognized as one of the principal advisers of the McKinley administration, and his influence was large in consequence. Apart from politics he took a deep and active
interest
  in the problems of
capital
  and labour, was one of the
organizers (root) and the first president of the National Civic Federation, whose purpose was to solve social and industrial problems, and in December 1901 became chairman of a permanent board of conciliation and arbitration established by the Federation. After President
Roosevelt
 's policies became defined, Senator Hanna came to be regarded as the leader of the conservative branch of the Republican party and a possible presidential candidate in 1904. He died at Washington on the 15th of February 1904.


End of Article: HANNA, MARCUS ALONZO (1837-1904)


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