HAINAUT (Flem. Henegouwen, Ger. Hennegau)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 822 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GUI-HAN

HAINAUT (Flem. Henegouwen, Ger. Hennegau) , a province of Belgium formed out of the ancient county of Hainaut. Modern Hainaut is famous as containing the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

coal and iron mines of Belgium. There are about 150,000 men and women employed in the mines, and about as many more in the iron and steel works of the province. About 188o these numbers were not more than half their present totals. The principal towns of Hainaut are Mons, the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

, Charleroi, Tournai, Jumet and La Louviere. The province is watered by both the Scheldt and the Sambre, and is connected with Flanders by the Charleroi-

Ghent

GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

canal. The area of the' province is computed' at 930,405 acres or 1453 sq. m. In 1904 the population was 1,192,967, showing an average of 821 per square mile.
Under the successors of Clovis Hainaut formed part, first of the kingdom of Metz, and then of that of Lotharingia. It afterwards became part of the duchy of Lorraine. The first to

bear

the title of count of Hainaut was Reginar " Long-Neck " (c. 875), who, later on, made himself master of the duchy of Lorraine and died in 916. His eldest son inherited Lower
Lorraine, the younger, Reginar II., the countship of Hainaut, which remained in the male line of his descendants, all named Reginar, until the death of Reginar V. in ro36. His heiress, Richildis, married en secondes notes Baldwin VI. of Flanders, and, by him, became the ancestress of the Baldwin (VI. of Hainaut) who in 1204 was raised by the Crusaders to the empire of Constantinople. The emperor Baldwin's elder daughter Jeanne brought the countship of Hainaut to her husbands Ferdinand of Portugal (d. 1233) and Thomas of Savoy (d. 1259). On her death in 1244, however, it passed to her sister Margaret, on whose death in 1279 it was inherited by her grandson, John of Avesnes, count of Holland (d. 1304). The countship of Hainaut remained united with that of Holland during the 14th and 15th centuries. It was under the

counts

COUNTS

William I. " the Good " (1304-1337), whose daughter Philippa married Edward III. of England, and William II. (1337-1345) that the communes of Hainaut attained

great

GREAT

political importance. Margaret, who succeeded her brother William II. in 1345, by her

marriage

MARRIAGE

with the emperor Louis IV. brought Hainaut with the rest of her dominions to the

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of Wittelsbach. Finally, early in the 15th century, the countess Jacqueline was dispossessed by Philip the Good of

Burgundy

BURGUNDY

, and Hainaut henceforward shared the fate of the rest of the Netherlands.

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