HADLEY, ARTHUR TWINING (1856 )

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 799 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HADLEY, ARTHUR TWINING (1856 ) , American political economist and educationist, president of Yale University, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on the 23rd of April 1856. He was the son of James Hadley, the philologist, from whom, as from his motherwhose brother, Alexander Catlin Twining (18011884), was an astronomer and authority on constitutional lawhe inherited unusual mathematical ability. He graduated at Yale in 1876 as valedictorian, having taken prizes in English, classics and astronomy; studied political
science at Yale (18761877) and at Berlin (18781879); was a tutor at Yale in 18791883, instructor in political science in 1883-1886, professor of political science in 18861891, professor of political

economy

ECONOMY

in 18911899, and dean of the Graduate School in 18921895; and in 1899 became president of, Yale Universitythe first layman to hold that office. He was

commissioner

COMMISSIONER

of the Connecticut bureau of labour statistics in 18851887. As an economist he first became widely known through his investigation of the railway question and his study of railway rates, which antedated the popular excitement as to rebates. His Railroad Transportation, its History and

Laws

LAWS

(1885) became a standard

work

WORK

, and appeared in Russian (1886) and French (1887); he testified as an expert on transportation before the Senate committee which drew up the Interstate Commerce Law; and wrote on railways and transportation for the Ninth and Tenth Editions (of which he was one of the editors) of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, for Lalor's Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political

Economy

ECONOMY

, and Political History of the United States (3 vols., 18811884), for The American Railway (1888), and for The Railroad

Gazette

GAZETTE

in 18841891, and for other

periodicals

PERIODICALS

. His idea of the broad

scope

SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

of economic science, especially of the place of ethics in relation to political economy and business, is expressed in his writings and public addresses. In 19071908 he was

Theodore

Roosevelt

THEODORE
_1858_.html">ROOSEVELT, THEODORE (1858— )

professor of American History and Institutions in the university of Berlin.
Among his other publications are: Economics: an Account of the Relations between Private Property and Public Welfare (1896) ; The Education of the American Citizen (1901); The Relations between Freedom and Responsibility in the Evolution of Democratic Government (1903, in Yale Lectures on the Responsibilities of Citizenship); Baccalaureate Addresses (1907); and Standards of Public Morality (1907), being the Kennedy Lectures for 1906.

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