HAAKON IV

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 781 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GUI-HAN

HAAKON IV ., surnamed " the Old " (12041263), was declared to be the son of Haakon III., who died shortly before the former's

birth

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

in 1204. A year later the child was placed under the

protection

PROTECTION

of King Inge, after whose death in 1217 he was chosen king; though until 1223 the church refused to recognize him, on the ground of illegitimacy, and the

Pope

's dispensation for his coronation was not gained until much later. In the earlier part of his reign much of the royal power was in the hands of

Earl

EARL

Skule, who intrigued against the king until 1239, when he proceeded to open hostility and was put to death. From this time onward Haakon's reign was marked by more peace and prosperity than Norway had known for many years, until in 1263 a dispute with the Scottish king concerning the Hebrides, a

Norwegian

NORWEGIAN

possession, induced Haakon to undertake an expedition to the west of

Scotland

. A division of his army seems to have repulsed a large Scottish force at Largs (though the later Scottish accounts claim this battle as a victory), and, having won back the

Norwegian

NORWEGIAN

possessions in

Scotland

, Haakon was wintering in the Orkneys, when he was taken ill and died on the 15th of December 1263. A

great

GREAT

part of his

fleet

FLEET

had been scattered and destroyed by storms. The most important event in his reign was the voluntary submission of the Icelandic commonwealth. Worn out by internal strife fostered by Haakon's emissaries, the Icelandic chiefs acknowledged the Norwegian king as overlord in 1262. Their example was followed by the colony of Greenland.
HAAKON VII. (1872 ), the second son of Frederick VIII., king of Denmark, was born on the 3rd of August 1872, and was usually known as Prince Charles of Denmark. When in 1905 Norway decided to

separate

SEPARATE

herself from Sweden the Norwegians
offered their crown to Charles, who accepted it and took the name of Haakon VII., being crowned at Trondhjem in June 1906. The king married Maud, youngest daughter of

Edward

EDWARD

VII., king of

Great

GREAT

Britain, their son, Prince Olav, being born in 1903.

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